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Persoonia : Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi logoLink to Persoonia : Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi
. 2018 Jul 13;40:240–393. doi: 10.3767/persoonia.2018.40.10

Fungal Planet description sheets: 716–784

PW Crous 1,2,✉, MJ Wingfield 3, TI Burgess 4, GEStJ Hardy 4, J Gené 5, J Guarro 5, IG Baseia 6, D García 5, LFP Gusmão 7, CM Souza-Motta 8,13, R Thangavel 9, S Adamčík 10, A Barili 11, CW Barnes 12, JDP Bezerra 13, JJ Bordallo 14, JF Cano-Lira 5, RJV de Oliveira 13, E Ercole 15, V Hubka 16,17, I Iturrieta-González 5, A Kubátová 16, MP Martín 18, P-A Moreau 19, A Morte 14, ME Ordoñez 11, A Rodríguez 14, AM Stchigel 5, A Vizzini 15, J Abdollahzadeh 20, VP Abreu 21, K Adamčíková 22, GMR Albuquerque 8, AV Alexandrova 23,24, E Álvarez Duarte 37, C Armstrong-Cho 25, S Banniza 25, RN Barbosa 8, J-M Bellanger 26, JL Bezerra 13, TS Cabral 27, M Caboň 10, E Caicedo 11, T Cantillo 7, AJ Carnegie 28, LT Carmo 7, RF Castañeda-Ruiz 29, CR Clement 30, A Čmoková 17, LB Conceição 7, RHSF Cruz 6, U Damm 31, BDB da Silva 32, GA da Silva 13, RMF da Silva 13, ALCM de A Santiago 13, LF de Oliveira 34, CAF de Souza 13, F Déniel 33, B Dima 35, G Dong 36, J Edwards 38, CR Félix 39, J Fournier 40, TB Gibertoni 13, K Hosaka 42, T Iturriaga 43, M Jadan 44, J-L Jany 33, Ž Jurjević 45, M Kolařík 16,17, I Kušan 44, MF Landell 39, TR Leite Cordeiro 13, DX Lima 13, M Loizides 46, S Luo 36, AR Machado 13, H Madrid 47, OMC Magalhães 13, P Marinho 48, N Matočec 44, A Mešić 44, AN Miller 43, OV Morozova 49, RP Neves 13, K Nonaka 50, A Nováková 17, NH Oberlies 51, JRC Oliveira-Filho 13, TGL Oliveira 13, V Papp 52, OL Pereira 53, G Perrone 54, SW Peterson 55, THG Pham 24,41, HA Raja 51, DB Raudabaugh 43, J Řehulka 56, E Rodríguez-Andrade 5, M Saba 57, A Schauflerová 58, RG Shivas 59, G Simonini 60, JPZ Siqueira 5, JO Sousa 61, V Stajsic 62, T Svetasheva 49,63, YP Tan 64, Z Tkalčec 44, S Ullah 65, P Valente 66, N Valenzuela-Lopez 5,67, M Abrinbana 68, DA Viana Marques 34, PTW Wong 36, V Xavier de Lima 13, JZ Groenewald 1
PMCID: PMC6146637  PMID: 30505003

Abstract

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Chaetopsina eucalypti on Eucalyptus leaf litter, Colletotrichum cobbittiense from Cordyline stricta × C. australis hybrid, Cyanodermella banksiae on Banksia ericifolia subsp. macrantha, Discosia macrozamiae on Macrozamia miquelii, Elsinoë banksiigena on Banksia marginata, Elsinoë elaeocarpi on Elaeocarpus sp., Elsinoë leucopogonis on Leucopogon sp., Helminthosporium livistonae on Livistona australis, Idriellomyces eucalypti (incl. Idriellomyces gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus obliqua, Lareunionomyces eucalypti on Eucalyptus sp., Myrotheciomyces corymbiae (incl. Myrotheciomyces gen. nov., Myrotheciomycetaceae fam. nov.), Neolauriomyces eucalypti (incl. Neolauriomyces gen. nov., Neolauriomycetaceae fam. nov.) on Eucalyptus sp., Nullicamyces eucalypti (incl. Nullicamyces gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus leaf litter, Oidiodendron eucalypti on Eucalyptus maidenii, Paracladophialophora cyperacearum (incl. Paracladophialophoraceae fam. nov.) and Periconia cyperacearum on leaves of Cyperaceae, Porodiplodia livistonae (incl. Porodiplodia gen. nov., Porodiplodiaceae fam. nov.) on Livistona australis, Sporidesmium melaleucae (incl. Sporidesmiales ord. nov.) on Melaleuca sp., Teratosphaeria sieberi on Eucalyptus sieberi, Thecaphora australiensis in capsules of a variant of Oxalis exilis. Brazil, Aspergillus serratalhadensis from soil, Diaporthe pseudoinconspicua from Poincianella pyramidalis, Fomitiporella pertenuis on dead wood, Geastrum magnosporum on soil, Marquesius aquaticus (incl. Marquesius gen. nov.) from submerged decaying twig and leaves of unidentified plant, Mastigosporella pigmentata from leaves of Qualea parviflorae, Mucor souzae from soil, Mycocalia aquaphila on decaying wood from tidal detritus, Preussia citrullina as endophyte from leaves of Citrullus lanatus, Queiroziella brasiliensis (incl. Queiroziella gen. nov.) as epiphytic yeast on leaves of Portea leptantha, Quixadomyces cearensis (incl. Quixadomyces gen. nov.) on decaying bark, Xylophallus clavatus on rotten wood. Canada, Didymella cari on Carum carvi and Coriandrum sativum. Chile, Araucasphaeria foliorum (incl. Araucasphaeria gen. nov.) on Araucaria araucana, Aspergillus tumidus from soil, Lomentospora valparaisensis from soil. Colombia, Corynespora pseudocassiicola on Byrsonima sp., Eucalyptostroma eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus pellita, Neometulocladosporiella eucalypti (incl. Neometulocladosporiella gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla, Tracylla eucalypti (incl. Tracyllaceae fam. nov., Tracyllalales ord. nov.) on Eucalyptus urophylla. Cyprus, Gyromitra anthracobia (incl. Gyromitra subg. Pseudoverpa) on burned soil. Czech Republic, Lecanicillium restrictum from the surface of the wooden barrel, Lecanicillium testudineum from scales of Trachemys scripta elegans. Ecuador, Entoloma yanacolor and Saproamanita quitensis on soil. France, Lentithecium carbonneanum from submerged decorticated Populus branch. Hungary, Pleuromyces hungaricus (incl. Pleuromyces gen. nov.) from a large Fagus sylvatica log. Iran, Zymoseptoria crescenta on Aegilops triuncialis. Malaysia, Ochroconis musicola on Musa sp. Mexico, Cladosporium michoacanense from soil. New Zealand, Acrodontium metrosideri on Metrosideros excelsa, Polynema podocarpi on Podocarpus totara, Pseudoarthrographis phlogis (incl. Pseudoarthrographis gen. nov.) on Phlox subulata. Nigeria, Coprinopsis afrocinerea on soil. Pakistan, Russula mansehraensis on soil under Pinus roxburghii. Russia, Baorangia alexandri on soil in deciduous forests with Quercus mongolica. South Africa, Didymocyrtis brachylaenae on Brachylaena discolor. Spain, Alfaria dactylis from fruit of Phoenix dactylifera, Dothiora infuscans from a blackened wall, Exophiala nidicola from the nest of an unidentified bird, Matsushimaea monilioides from soil, Terfezia morenoi on soil. United Arab Emirates, Tirmania honrubiae on soil. USA, Arxotrichum wyomingense (incl. Arxotrichum gen. nov.) from soil, Hongkongmyces snookiorum from submerged detritus from a fresh water fen, Leratiomyces tesquorum from soil, Talaromyces tabacinus on leaves of Nicotiana tabacum. Vietnam, Afroboletus vietnamensis on soil in an evergreen tropical forest, Colletotrichum condaoense from Ipomoea pes-caprae. Morphological and culture characteristics along with DNA barcodes are provided.

Keywords: ITS nrDNA barcodes, LSU, new taxa, systematics

Overview Mucoromycotina and Basidiomycota phylogeny.

Overview Mucoromycotina and Basidiomycota phylogeny

Overview Mucoromycotina and Basidiomycota phylogeny

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Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) of 57 752 trees resulting from a Bayesian analysis of the LSU sequence alignment (118 taxa including outgroup; 862 aligned positions; 551 unique site patterns) using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) > 0.84 are shown at the nodes and thickened lines represent nodes with PP = 1.00. The scale bar represents the expected changes per site. Families, orders, classes, subdivisions and phyla are indicated with coloured blocks to the right of the tree. GenBank accession and/or Fungal Planet numbers are indicated behind the species names. The tree was rooted to Phytophthora moyootj (GenBank KP004499.1) and the taxonomic novelties described in this study for which LSU sequence data were available are indicated in bold face. The alignment and tree were deposited in TreeBASE (Submission ID S22745).

Overview Dothideomycetes phylogeny – part 1.

Overview Dothideomycetes phylogeny – part 1

Overview Dothideomycetes phylogeny – part 1

Overview Dothideomycetes phylogeny – part 1

Overview Dothideomycetes phylogeny – part 1

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Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) of 23 402 trees resulting from a Bayesian analysis of the LSU sequence alignment (255 taxa including outgroup; 805 aligned positions; 450 unique site patterns) using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) > 0.84 are shown at the nodes and thickened lines represent nodes with PP = 1.00. The scale bar represents the expected changes per site. Families and orders are indicated with coloured blocks to the right of the tree. GenBank accession and/or Fungal Planet numbers are indicated behind the species names. The tree was rooted to Candida broadrunensis (GenBank KY106372.1) and the taxonomic novelties described in this study for which LSU sequence data were available are indicated in bold face. The alignment and tree were deposited in TreeBASE (Submission ID S22745).

Overview Pezizomycetes, Lecanoromycetes and Eurotiomycetes phylogeny.

Overview Pezizomycetes, Lecanoromycetes and Eurotiomycetes phylogeny

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Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) of 6 602 trees resulting from a Bayesian analysis of the LSU sequence alignment (67 taxa including outgroup; 805 aligned positions; 380 unique site patterns) using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) > 0.84 are shown at the nodes and thickened lines represent nodes with PP = 1.00. The scale bar represents the expected changes per site. Families, orders and classes are indicated with coloured blocks to the right of the tree. GenBank accession or Fungal Planet numbers are indicated behind the species names. The tree was rooted to Candida broadrunensis (GenBank KY106372.1) and the taxonomic novelties described in this study for which LSU sequence data were available are indicated in bold face. The alignment and tree were deposited in TreeBASE (Submission ID S22745).

Overview Leotiomycetes phylogeny.

Overview Leotiomycetes phylogeny

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Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) of 18 152 trees resulting from a Bayesian analysis of the LSU sequence alignment (68 taxa including outgroup; 781 aligned positions; 227 unique site patterns) using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) > 0.84 are shown at the nodes and thickened lines represent nodes with PP = 1.00. The scale bar represents the expected changes per site. Families and orders are indicated with coloured blocks to the right of the tree. GenBank accession and/or Fungal Planet numbers are indicated behind the species names. The tree was rooted to Orbilia vinosa (GenBank DQ470952.1) and the taxonomic novelties described in this study for which LSU sequence data were available are indicated in bold face. The alignment and tree were deposited in TreeBASE (Submission ID S22745).

Overview Sordariomycetes phylogeny – part 1.

Overview Sordariomycetes phylogeny – part 1

Overview Sordariomycetes phylogeny – part 1

Overview Sordariomycetes phylogeny – part 1

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Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) of 115 202 trees resulting from a Bayesian analysis of the LSU sequence alignment (179 taxa including outgroup; 785 aligned positions; 340 unique site patterns) using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) > 0.84 are shown at the nodes and thickened lines represent nodes with PP = 1.00. The scale bar represents the expected changes per site. Families and orders are indicated with coloured blocks to the right of the tree. GenBank accession and/or Fungal Planet numbers are indicated behind the species names. The tree was rooted to Saccharata proteae (GenBank EU552145.1) and the taxonomic novelties described in this study for which LSU sequence data were available are indicated in bold face. The alignment and tree were deposited in TreeBASE (Submission ID S22745).

Acknowledgments

The study of Olga V. Morozova and Tatiana Yu. Svetasheva was carried out within the framework of an institutional research project of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS ‘Biodiversity and spatial structure of fungi and myxomycetes communities in natural and anthropogenic ecosystems’ (AAAA-A18-118031290108-6) using equipment of its Core Facility Center ‘Cell and Molecular Technologies in Plant Science’. Alina V. Alexandrova acknowledges financial support from the Russian Science Foundation (project N 14-50-00029).

Daniela de A. Viana Marques acknowledges Universidade de Pernambuco for financial support. Jan Borovička is thanked for providing the Portuguese collection of Baorangia emileorum and its ITS and LSU sequences, and Alessia Tatti for sending the Sardinian collections of B. emileorum. Taimy Cantillo, Luis F.P. Gusmão, Luana T. do Carmo, Lucas B. Conceição, Julieth O. Sousa, Luiz F. de Oliveira, Renan N. Barbosa, Rhudson H.S.F. Cruz, André L.C.M. de A. Santiago, Carlos A.F. de Souza, Diogo X. Lima, Rafael J.V. de Oliveira and Thalline R.L. Cordeiro, Olinto L. Pereira, Rejane M.F. Silva, Rafael J.V. Oliveira, José L. Bezerra, Gladstone A. Silva Ciro R. Félix, Melissa F. Landell, Thays G.L. Oliveira, Jadson D.P. Bezerra, Alexandre R. Machado, Cristina M. Souza-Motta and Oliane M. C. Magalhães, Tatiana B. Gibertoni, Vitor Xavier de Lima and José R. C. Oliveira-Filho acknowledge financial support and/or scholarships from the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), the Conselho Nacional do Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and the Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco (FACEPE); the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), the Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Parque Memorial Zumbi dos Palmares and Usina Caeté – Grupo Carlos Lyra and Nordesta AS for suport during field trips. Maria E. Ordoñez and colleagues acknowledge the Secretaria de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación del Ecuador (SENESCYT), Arca de Noé Initiative, and the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, project N13415 for financial support. Hugo Madrid was partially funded by Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (CONICYT), Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT), Chile, project no. 11140562. Vit Hubka and colleagues express their gratitude to Marek Kiecoň, Pavel Malík and Tereza Krasnokutská (National Heritage Institute) for providing information on archaeological research; Hana Rajhelová (Silesian University in Opava) and Jitka Koubková (Veterinary Laboratory Labvet) for providing photo documentation and material for mycological examinations; Czechoslovak Microscopy Society for support (CSMS scholarship 2016). The research of V. Hubka was supported by Charles University Research Centre program No. 204069 and the grant of the Czech Ministry of Health (AZV 17-31269A). Alfredo Vizzini and colleagues thank Jan Holec for administering of the loan of European material from PRM herbarium (Prague, Czech Republic). Soňa Jančovičová helped with the line drawings. Jozef Šibík and David Cooper are acknowledged for the support during the field collections in Colorado (USA) that was financed by the Slovak American Foundation. The sequencing of samples was funded by the Slovak national project Vega 02/0018/18. Željko Jurjević acknowledges Filomena Epifani and Sammy Sedky for their excellent technical support. Malka Saba acknowledges the Higher Education Commission (HEC), Islamabad, Pakistan, for financial assistance during field trips in Pakistan and the Slovak national project APVV-15-0210 for sequencing of Russula mansehraensis. The research of Alena Nováková and Miroslav Kolařík was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (grant number LO1509). Asunción Morte, Juan Julián Bordallo and Antonio Rodríguez were supported by projects 19484/PI/14 (FEDER and Fundación Séneca - Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia, Spain) and CGL2016-78946-R (AEI and FEDER, UE); they also thank Aurelio Garcia Blanco, Andries Gouws, Tom de Wet, Ali Hassan and Faisal Abdullab for their observations and assistance with field work. Daniel B. Raudabaugh and colleagues thank the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Pennsylvania Bureau of State Parks, and Black Moshannon State Park for research support, the Mycological Society of America and University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign School of Integrative Biology for financial support, and Michael Woodley for field support. Cheryl Armstrong-Cho and Sabine Banniza acknowledge funding and support by the Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, the Western Grains Research Foundation, the Herb, Spice and Specialty Agriculture Association and the Saskatchewan Crop Insurance Corporation. Shuming Luo and colleagues thank Mui-keng Tan for helpful advice during this study.

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Fungal Planet 716 – 13 July 2018

Afroboletus vietnamensis T.H.G. Pham, A.V. Alexandrova, O.V. Morozova, sp. nov.

Pham Thi Ha Giang 1, Alina V Alexandrova 2, Olga V Morozova 3

Etymology. The epithet refers to the country Vietnam where the species was collected.

Classification — Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes.

Basidiomata medium large sized, boletoid. Pileus 30‒80 mm diam, initially hemispherical, becoming convex, greyish yellow (2B3–4, 2C3–4, Kornerup & Wanscher 1978), darker in the centre (2D3–4, 3D3–4), paler towards the margin (up to 2A2–3), surface dry, velutinous, tomentous or felted. Hymenophore adnate to shortly decurrent to the stipe, 6–8 mm thick, light yellow to greenish yellow (1A4–6), becoming greyish yellow (2B4–5, 3B5–6, 4B4–5); pores irregular, 1–2 mm diam. Stipe 60–90 × 10–20 mm, cylindrical or fusiform, often tapered towards the base, dry, deeply broadly alveolate-reticulate, pale yellow (2A3–4), staining pale orange near the base (5A3–5). Context pale yellow (2A2–4), staining in the stipe brownish red when bruised, with reddish spots in the stipe base. Smell weak, taste not reported. Spores (11–)12–12.5(–15) × (8–)8.5–9.5(–11) μm, Q = (1.2–)1.3–1.4(–1.5), dark brown, ellipsoid in outline: amygdaliform with 1–2 μm broad longitudinal wings, sometimes with outgrowths and crystals (SEM). Basidia 38–48 × 11–12 μm, 4-spored, narrowly clavate to clavate, clampless. Cheilocystidia 52–99 × 5–18 μm, fusoid to lageniform with more or less long neck, pleurocystidia similar. Hymenophoral trama regular, made up of long, thin, cylindrical hyphae, 70–250 × 4–6 μm. Pileipellis a trichoderm, made up of cylindrical hyphae, 5–9 μm wide, with brown intracellular and in some hyphae also incrusting pigment. Dermatocystidia of two types: simple lageniform, 37–52 × 8–10 μm, with intracellular light brown pigment, and complex, abundant in the central part, 18–80 × 6–10 μm, fusiform, lageniform, septate: basal part with light brown diffuse intracellular pigment and apical – with bluish black agglutinate intracellular and sometimes additionally incrusting pigment. Stipitipellis a hymeniderm of basidiolae-like clavate cells, 19–30 × 7–10 μm. Caulocystidia 68–130 × 11–16 μm, lageniform, sometimes septate. Clamp connections absent.

Habit, Habitat & Distribution — In groups on soil in evergreen tropical forests. Known from Vietnam.

Typus. Vietnam, Dak Lak Province, Yok Don National Park, 40 km to the northwest of Buon Ma Thuot city, N12.941306° E107.788167°, h = 212 m, on soil in evergreen tropical forest on the top of the hill dominated by Fagaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Sapindaceae, Ebenaceae and Meliaceae, 13 May 2014, A. Alexandrova (holotype LE311973, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH087059 and MH087058, MycoBank MB824736).

Additional material examined. Vietnam, Binh Phuoc Province, Bu Gia Map District, Bu Gia Map National Park, N12.204509° E107.204415°, h = 346 m, on soil in foothill polydominant tropical forest dominated by Dipterocarpaceae, Lythraceae, Rubiaceae, Theaceae, Lauraceae and Arecaceae, 3 May 2013, A. Alexandrova, LE311972, ITS sequence GenBank MH087060.

Notes — The genus Afroboletus has been described based on material from equatorial Africa (Pegler & Young 1981). It is characterised first of all by the dark brown ellipsoid spores with a complex eusporial ornamentation of 8–12 large, winged, longitudinal costae, intercostal ridging, and basal thickened rim. Afroboletus vietnamensis resembles A. malaysianus, which was invalidly described from the Peninsular Malaysia (Chan 2010). However, A. vietnamensis differs from A. malaysianus by the paler colour of the pileus, by lageniform cheilocystidia with narrow neck, and by the pileipellis structure with characteristic dermatocystidia containing three types of pigment – diffuse brown intracellular, agglutinated dark-blue intracellular and incrusting. Although A. vietnamensis does not cluster in the phylogenetic tree with representatives of any known boletoid genera, including African Afroboletus, we consider the introduction of a new genus as premature.

Colour illustrations. Vietnam, Dak Lak Province, Yok Don National Park, type locality; spores; cheilocystidia; elements of pileipellis; dermatocystidium and caulocystidia; SEM photos of spores; basidioma in situ; longitudinal section of the stipe and basidiomata in situ. Scale bars = 1 cm (basidiomata), 10 μm (microstructures).

Afroboletus vietnamensis.

Afroboletus vietnamensis

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:256–257.

Fungal Planet 717 – 13 July 2018

Alfaria dactylis Valenz.-Lopez, Cano, Guarro & Stchigel, sp. nov.

Nicomedes Valenzuela-Lopez 1, Alberto M Stchigel 2, Josep Guarro 2, José F Cano-Lira 2

Etymology. From Latin dactylus, date, due to the nature of the substrate (date, the fruit of Phoenix dactylifera) from which the fungus was isolated.

Classification — Stachybotryaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes.

Hyphae hyaline to pale green, smooth- and thin- to thick-walled, septate, 2.5-5 μm wide. Conidiomata discrete, cupulate, stromatic, unilocular, non-ostiolate, superficial, solitary or confluent, greenish black, covered by setae, broadly lenticular, 177–275 × 133–242 μm, filled with black mass of slimy conidia; conidioma wall 10-27 μm broad, pseudoparenchymatous, of textura globulosa and textura angularis, composed of 2–4 layers of pale green to dark green, globose to flattened polygonal cells of 5–7.5 μm diam; setae greenish black, smooth- and thick-walled, multi-septate, unbranched, straight, narrowing towards the acute apices, 60–200 μm long, 4–8 μm wide at the base. Conidiophores densely aggregated, arising from the basal part of the locule, unbranched or branched at the base with 2–4 supporting cells, pale green, smooth-walled, up to 47 μm long, bearing 1–3 conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, cylindrical, elongate, hyaline to pale green, smooth-walled, 7–16 × 1.5–2.5 μm. Conidia hyaline to pale green, aseptate, smooth- and thin-walled, guttulate, lanceolate, 8.5–11.5 × 2–2.5 μm, with an obtuse apex and truncate at the base.

Culture characteristics — Colonies on OA reaching 19–21 mm diam after 7 d at 25 ± 1 °C, margin regular, flattened, with sparse aerial mycelium, surface white (M. 4A1); reverse white (M. 4A1). Colonies on MEA reaching 18–20 mm diam after 7 d at 25 ± 1 °C, margin regular, flattened, covered by dense white felty aerial mycelia, surface white (M. 4A1) to pale yellow (M. 4A3); reverse white (M. 4A1) to yellowish orange (M. 4A6). NaOH test negative.

Typus. Spain, Tarragona, from palm fruit of Phoenix dactylifera (Arecaceae), Feb. 2017, coll. I.A. Iturrieta-González, isol. N. Valenzuela-Lopez (holotype CBS H-23398, cultures ex-type FMR 16398 = CBS 144249, ITS, LSU, tub2 and tef-1α sequences GenBank LT984556, LT984557, LT984555 and LT984553, MycoBank MB824149).

Notes — Alfaria dactylis is characterised by the production of large, lanceolate, pale green conidia and discrete, cupulate, stromatic conidiomata covered by abundant setae, being morphologically similar to A. dandenongensis but differing in aspect of their conidia (cylindrical, granular and verruculose in A. dandenongensis) and setae (smooth-walled in A. dactylis vs verruculose in A. dandenongensis) (Crous et al. 2017). Despite the fact of A. dactylis is phylogenetically closely related to A. ossiformis, it is morphologically distinct from the latter species by its setose conidiomata (lacking of setae in A. ossiformis) (Lombard et al. 2016).

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hit using the LSU sequence is A. ossiformis CBS 324.54 (GenBank KU845993; Identities = 810/810 (100 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence are A. putrefolia CBS 112037 (GenBank KU845985; Identities = 533/544 (98 %), 6 gaps (1 %)) and A. ossiformis CBS 324.54 (GenBank NR_145068; Identities = 534/547 (98 %), 7 gaps (1 %)). The closest hits using the tub2 sequence are C. terrestris CBS 477.91 (GenBank KU846019; Identities = 288/308 (94 %), 4 gaps (1 %)) and C. putrefolia CBS 112038 (GenBank KU846017; Identities = 285/307 (93 %), 2 gaps (0 %)). The closest hits using the tef-1α sequence are A. terrestris CBS 127305 (GenBank KU846012; Identities = 315/362 (87 %), 14 gaps (3 %)) and A. ossiformis CBS 324.54 (GenBank KU846009; Identities = 313/360 (87 %), 17 gaps (4 %)).

Maximum likelihood tree obtained from the combined DNA sequences dataset from four loci (ITS, LSU, tef-1α and tub2) of our isolate and sequences retrieved from the GenBank database. Ex-type strains of the different species are indicated with T. The new species proposed in this study is indicated in bold. The RAxML v. 8.2.10 (Stamatakis 2014) bootstrap support values (≥ 70 %) are provided at the nodes. Alfariacladiella spartii CPC 24966 and MFLUCC 13-0799 were used as outgroup.

graphic file with name per-40-240-i001.jpg

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Colour illustrations. Tarragona, Spain; colony on MEA and OA after 14 d at 25 ± 1 °C; conidiomata under the stereomicroscope; cupulate stromatic conidiomata, conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 50 μm (conidiomata), 10 μm (conidiophores and conidia).

Alfaria dactylis.

Alfaria dactylis

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:258–259.

Fungal Planet 718 – 13 July 2018

Arxotrichum A. Nováková & M. Kolařik, gen. nov.

Alena Nováková 1, Miroslav Kolařík 2

Etymology. Named after Josef Adolf von Arx (1922–1988), honouring his work on the genus Chaetomium and according to the morphological similarity with the genus Staphylotrichum.

Classification — Chaetomiaceae, Sordariales, Sordariomycetes.

Mycelium sterile or producing conidiophores. Conidiophores septate, stipe with basal part yellowish brown, upper part colourless, ramified, branches racemose. Conidiogenous cells borne on the ends of branches, hyaline. Conidia solitary, aseptate, subglobose, rough-walled to rugose. Ascomata absent or pale ochraceous to olivaceous grey, superficial, spherical to ovate, 140–240 μm with distinct ostiolar opening, wall angular or irregular; ascomatal hairs numerous, flexuous, undulate or spirally coiled, verrucose or finally echinulate, septate, pale ochraceous or brown. Asci obovate-clavate, with short stalks, 34–45 × 16–20 μm, 8-spored, evanescent; ascospores ellipsoidal-fusoid, at both ends attenuated and rounded, brown, 12–17 × 6–8.5 μm, with distinct apical germ pore (Von Arx et al. 1986). Good growth to 37 °C, limited at 40 °C (2–3 mm diam in 7 d), no growth at 42 °C. Phylogenetically distinct from related genera of Chaetomium and Myceliophthora.

Type species. Arxotrichum wyomingense A. Nováková & M. Kolařik.

MycoBank MB824080.

Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:259.

Fungal Planet 718 – 13 July 2018

Arxotrichum wyomingense A. Nováková & M. Kolařik, sp. nov.

Alena Nováková 1, Miroslav Kolařík 2

Etymology. Latin ‘wyomingense’ = relating to the state Wyoming, USA, referring to the type locality.

On MEA. Conidiophores septate, 250–400 μm long, stipe with basal part yellowish brown, smooth to finely rough, 3 μm wide, upper part colourless, smooth, 2.5 μm wide, ramified, branches racemose. Conidiogenous cells borne on the ends of branches, hyaline. Conidia solitary, aseptate, 5(–7) μm diam, hyaline to pinkish coloured, subglobose, rough-walled to rugose, flattened from side view with distinct spiral (bands) and visible scars. Ascomata not observed.

Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 7 d): Colonies on MEA 56–60 mm diam, plane, with scanty aerial mycelium, radial sporulation yellowish white (ISCC–NBS no. 92; Anon. 1964) to pale yellowish pink (no. 31), but moderate yellowish pink (no. 29) in colony centre, colourless exudate, no soluble pigment, reverse colourless with black (no. 267) colony centre. Colonies on V8 agar 55–60 mm diam, plane, with scanty aerial mycelium, sporulation yellowish white (no. 92) to pale yellowish pink (no. 31) with light orange (no. 52) to light yellowish brown (no. 76) in colony centre, colourless exudate, no soluble pigment, reverse colourless to pale orange yellow (no. 73), colony centre light yellowish brown to brownish black (no. 65).

Typus. USA, Wyoming, Converse Country, Powder River Basin, Glenrock-Rolling Hills Wind Plant (former Dave Johnson Coal Mine), site without a reclamation and plant seedlings (natural plant succession – shortgrass sagebrush prairie), N 42.856372, W 105.862719, isolated from soil using keratin bait technique, 2010, A. Nováková (holotype PRM 945788, culture ex-type CCF 5691, ITS, tub2, tef1-α and LSU sequences GenBank LT968153, LT971393, LT971395 and LT968143, MycoBank MB824081).

Additional material examined. USA, Wyoming, Converse Country, Powder River Basin, Glenrock-Rolling Hills Wind Plant (former Dave Johnson Coal Mine), site without a reclamation and plant seedlings (natural plant succession – shortgrass sagebrush prairie), isolated in 2010 from soil using the cellulose bait technique, CCF 5688 = PRM 945789, ITS sequence GenBank LT968155, and CCF 5689, ITS sequence GenBank LT968157, and using the dilution plate method, CCF 5690, ITS sequence GenBank LT968159.

Arxotrichum succineum (L.M. Ames), A. Nováková & M. Kolařik, comb. nov. — MycoBank 824082

Basionym. Chaetomium succineum L.M. Ames, Mycologia 41: 645. 1950 ‘1949’.

Notes — Arxotrichum wyomingense is typified by well-defined conidiophores with pigmented bases and a branched hyaline apical part bearing whorls of ornamented conidia. No sexual morph was observed in culture. Crossing of all possible combinations of four strains did not result in the sexual morph, and therefore this species is assumed to be asexual. These characters are not presented in the set of related genera such as Chaetomium or Myceliophthora, but fit the characteristics of the genus Staphylotrichum. Phylogenetically, the type of Staphylotrichum, S. coccorum, is unrelated to Arxotrichum. Arxotrichum wyomingense resembles Staphylotrichum subramaniani isolated from hare dung in Chile (Udagawa 1997), from which it differs by its smaller conidia, absence of ellipsoidal or pyriform conidia and rather different conidial ornamentation. The living culture of S. subramanii does not exist (S. Udagawa, in let.), and the herbarium voucher deposited in the Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba (CBM) is unavailable for molecular study, and therefore its generic status remains uncertain. Arxotrichum wyomingense clusters with Chaetomium succineum (ITS rDNA similarity 99 %, 412/418 bp), which is a sexual species lacking an asexual morph (Doveri 2013). Thus, the two species included here in Arxotrichum have a few shared phenotypic characters, and the genus as a whole is delimited based on phylogeny only.

The genus Chaetomium is a large and polyphyletic taxon (De Hoog et al. 2013, Wang et al. 2016). Based on the current concept of narrow, monophyletic genera, Chaetomium was split into several distinct genera (Van den Brink et al. 2012, Marin-Felix et al. 2015). Following this concept, A. wyomingense cannot be attributed to any known genus, and thus a new genus is herewith introduced to accommodate it.

Legend and tree added to MycoBank.

Colour illustrations. USA, Wyoming, Rolling Hills Wind Plant, shortgrass sagebrush prairie; 7-d-old colonies of Arxotrichum wyomingense (CCF 5691) on V8 agar and MEA and colonies of all studied strains growing together on MEA; conidiophores and conidia on MEA. Scale bars = 20 μm (conidiophores), 10 μm (conidia), 1 μm (SEM).

Arxotrichum wyomingense.

Arxotrichum wyomingense

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:260–261.

Fungal Planet 719 – 13 July 2018

Aspergillus tumidus J.P.Z. Siqueira, Gené, Dania García & Guarro, sp. nov.

João Paulo Zen Siqueira 1, Josepa Gené 1, Dania García 1, Josep Guarro 1

Etymology. Name refers to the swollen metulae on its conidiophores.

Classification — Aspergillaceae, Eurotiales, Eurotiomycetes.

Conidiophores on MEA hyaline, commonly septate, smooth, 80–400 × 3–5.5 μm. Conidial heads biseriate, radiate, in shades of green. Vesicles subglobose, 5.5–15 μm wide. Metulae usually inflated, covering 75–100 % of the vesicle, 5.5–9.5 × 2.5–8 μm. Phialides flask-shaped, 6.5–10 × 2.5–5 μm. Conidia globose to subglobose, in shades of green, smooth-walled to finely roughened, 3–8 μm. Hülle cells frequently observed, mostly globose, sometimes irregularly shaped, 12–28 μm. Ascomata not observed.

Culture characteristics — (in the dark, at 25 °C after 7 d): Colonies on CYA attaining 34–37 mm diam, velvety to floccose, slightly radially sulcate, with elevated centre, mycelium white, margin entire to slightly lobulate; reverse light green (28A4) to dark brown (6F6) (Kornerup & Wanscher 1978); sporulation dense; with conidial masses dark green (29F7); soluble pigment absent; exudate absent. On MEA, colonies reaching 22–23 mm diam, floccose to loosely cottony, mycelium white to greenish white (28A2), margin slightly lobulate; reverse light orange (5A4); sporulation dense, with conidial masses pale green (28A3) to dark green (28F8); soluble pigment absent; exudate light green (28A4). On DG18, colonies reaching 22–23 mm diam, floccose to powdery, mycelium white to greenish white (28A2), margin slightly lobulate; reverse light orange (5A4); sporulation dense, with conidial masses pale green (28A3) to dark green (28E8); soluble pigment absent; exudate light green (28A4). On YES, colonies reaching 33–35 mm diam, floccose to slightly cottony, radially sulcate, mycelium white to greyish green (29B3), margin lobulate; reverse light yellow (4A4) to dark brown(6F6); sporulation dense, with conidial masses greyish green (27C3 to 27E7); soluble pigment absent; exudate yellowish white (3A2) to light yellow (3A4). On OA, colonies reaching 29–31 mm diam, cottony at centre, powdery towards the periphery, mycelium white, margin slightly lobulate and with submerged mycelium; reverse white to dull green (28D4); sporulation moderately dense, with conidial masses deep green (29E8); soluble pigment absent; exudate absent. On CREA, colonies reaching 20–22 mm diam, loosely cottony, dense at the centre, mycelium white, margin irregular; sporulation moderately dense, with conidial masses greyish green (28B4); acid production absent. On CYA after 7 days, the colonies reached 32–34 mm diam at 30 °C; growth absent at 37 °C.

Typus. Chile, Atacama desert, from soil, 2014, coll. A.M. Stchigel, isol. J.P.Z. Siqueira (holotype CBS H-23244, cultures ex-type FMR 15743 = CBS 143587, ITS, LSU, BenA, CaM and RPB2 sequences GenBank LT903691, LT992011, LT903682, LT903685 and LT903688, MycoBank MB823690).

Notes — A multilocus phylogenetic analysis based on ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2 revealed that this species belongs to the A. multicolor clade in section Nidulantes, together with A. multicolor, A. mulundensis and A. pluriseminatus (Chen et al. 2016). Species in this clade show low genetic similitude, being easier to distinguish by sequence comparison. Nonetheless, phenotypic differences could be observed in order to differentiate the new species from others. Aspergillus multicolor has pink to purple drab mycelium and pink Hülle cells; A. mulundensis presents conidial masses pale green to blue green (Chen et al. 2016); and A. pluriseminatus produces only the sexual morph (Stchigel & Guarro 1997).

Maximum Likelihood tree inferred with MEGA v. 6 software (Tamura et al. 2013) from the combined ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2 regions from the ex-type strains (T) of the species included in the A. multicolor clade of section Nidulantes and selected Aspergillus sections Nidulantes, Usti and Aenei species. Maximum likelihood bootstrap support values ≥ 70 % and Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥ 0.95 are displayed at the nodes. Thickened branches correspond to fully supported clades (100/1). The A. multicolor clade is indicated in the grey box and the novel species in bold face.

graphic file with name per-40-240-i002.jpg

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Colour illustrations. Chile, Atacama desert, from soil, 2014, coll. A.M. Stchigel, isol. J.P.Z. Siqueira (holotype CBS H-23244, cultures ex-type FMR 15743 = CBS 143587, ITS, LSU, BenA, CaM and RPB2 sequences GenBank LT903691, LT992011, LT903682, LT903685 and LT903688, MycoBank MB823690).

Aspergillus tumidus.

Aspergillus tumidus

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:262–263.

Fungal Planet 720 – 13 July 2018

Aspergillus serratalhadensis L.F. Oliveira, R.N. Barbosa, G.M.R. Albuquerque, Souza-Motta, Viana Marques, sp. nov.

Luiz F de Oliveira 1, Daniela de A Viana Marques 1, Renan N Barbosa 2, Greicilene MR Albuquerque 2, Cristina M Souza-Motta 2

Etymology. serratalhadensis, refers to the Brazilian city Serra Talhada, the location of the ex-type strain of this species.

Classification — Aspergillaceae, Eurotiales, Eurotiomycetes.

On MEA: Stipes brown, smooth, (200–)250–400(–500) × 8–9(–10) μm; conidial heads pale to dark brown; uniseriate; vesicle subglobose to globose, (32–)50 × 50(–42) μm diam; phialides flask-shaped and covering the entire surface of the vesicle, measuring (1.5–)2 × 1.5(–2) μm; conidia globose occasionally subglobose, rough-walled to echinulate, brown-black in mass, 5(–6.5) μm diam including ornamentation.

Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 7 d): Colonies on MEA 54–56 mm diam, sporulating dark brown to black, mycelium white, floccose, exudate absent, no soluble pigments, reverse brownish to buff. Colonies on CYA 60–68 mm diam, dark brown to black, mycelium white, floccose, exudate absent, no soluble pigments, reverse brownish to buff. Colonies on OA 38–40 mm diam, sporulating dark brown to black, mycelium white to pale, floccose, exudate absent, no soluble pigments, reverse darkness. Colonies on YES 60–65 mm diam, sporulating dark brown to black, mycelium white, floccose, sulcate, exudate absent, no soluble pigments, reverse pale. Colonies on CY20S 60–65 mm diam, with black sporulation, mycelium white, floccose, no exudate, no soluble pigments, reverse pale to pale buff. Colonies on CREA growing more slowly compared with other media, 19–20 mm diam, poor sporulation, mycelium white, production of acid positive. No growth on MEA and CYA at 37 °C.

Typus. Brazil, Pernambuco state, Serra Talhada, S7°57′21″ W38°17′34″, isolated from soil, Sept. 2015, L.F. Oliveira (holotype URM 91189, ex-type culture URM 7866, ITS, BenA, CmD and RPB2 sequences GenBank MH169127, LT993222, LT993223 and LT995971, MycoBank MB824978).

Notes — ITS, CmD and BenA sequences are important identification markers for Aspergillus (Fungaro et al. 2017, Samson et al. 2014). Based on the current phylogenetic analysis, the new species Aspergillus serratalhadensis is a distinct lineage which belongs to Aspergillus section Nigri, clustering in the A. aculeatus clade. The BLASTn analysis showed low similarity of BenA sequences: A. aculeatus (GenBank HE577806.1; 93 %) and A. brunneoviolaceus (GenBank EF661105.1; 92 %). For CmD low similarities were found to A. aculeatus (GenBank FN594542.1; 90 %) and A. brunneoviolaceus (GenBank EF661147.1; 90 %). Aspergillus serratalhadensis and these two species are uniseriate. However, in A. brunneoviolaceus the conidia are globose to ellipsoidal, smooth, slightly roughened, 3.5–4.5(–6) × 3.5–4.5(–5) μm diam, with a spherical vesicle, (30–)35–70(–90) μm diam. In A. aculeatus conidia were spherical, smooth, slightly roughened, 4.9–5.4 μm diam, with a spherical vesicle, 60–63 μm diam (Klich 2002, Jurjević et al. 2012).The new species described also differs in growth rate on the various media tested. Aspergillus serratalhadensis was isolated from soil collected in the Brazilian tropical dry forest (Caatinga) in the city of Serra Talhada, Pernambuco state.

Bayesian inference tree obtained by phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS, BenA and CmD sequences conducted in MrBayes on XSEDE in the CIPRES science gateway. Bayesian posterior probability values are indicated at the nodes. The new species is indicated in bold face. Aspergillus flavus (CBS 569.65) was used as outgroup.

graphic file with name per-40-240-i003.jpg

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Colour illustrations. Caatinga’s soil, isolation source of Aspergillus serratalhadensis; conidia; conidiophores from 7-d-old colonies on MEA. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Aspergillus serratalhadensis.

Aspergillus serratalhadensis

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:264–265.

Fungal Planet 721 – 13 July 2018

Baorangia alexandri Svetash., Simonini & Vizzini, sp. nov.

Alfredo Vizzini 1, Enrico Ercole 1, Tatyana Svetasheva 2, Giampaolo Simonini 3

Etymology. Named in honour of the collector of the species, the Russian mycologist Alexander Kovalenko, for his important contributions to the study of Agaricales and Boletales in Russia.

Classification — Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes.

Pileus 40–100 mm diam, at first hemispherical, then convex to almost flat; surface dry, velutinous when young, almost smooth and shining with age, carmine red, pinkish red to dark pink, slowly turning blue when injured; pileus margin involute, then relaxed, slightly lobate, sharp. Hymenophore surface from concave to flat or only slightly convex, bright yellow, dark blue indigo when injured, then dingy orange-yellow or olive; tubes at the beginning decurrent, very short (1–2 mm), then slowly well-developed, up to 7 mm in length, sinuate adherent to the stipe; pores small, round or slightly angular. Stipe 30–70 × 10–25 mm, usually shorter than pileus width, stout, more or less cylindrical or clavate with enlarged lower part, often tapered to the base, yellow at the apex, below carmine-red, usually without reticulum but sometimes with a very thin reticulation at the very apex, dotted with reddish granules throughout its lower part or only in the middle part; surface slowly turning blue when injured. Context yellow, slowly turning blue. Odour and taste indistinct. Spore-print olive-brown. Spores (n = 54, one collection) (8–)9.5–10.5(–11.5) × (3.5–)4–4.5(–5) μm, Q = 2.35–2.67, Qm = 2.51, Vm = 81, slightly oblong to ventricose in face view; in profile view somewhat inequilateral to oblong, and showing a shallow suprahilar depression; nearly hyaline to pale dingy ochraceous when mounted in potassium hydroxide solution (3 % KOH), with smooth surface. Basidia 25.5–30.5 × 8–9.5 μm, mostly 4-spored. Hymenophoral (tube) trama divergent and gelatinous, of the ‘boletus-type’. Cheilocystidia fusiform, hyaline, 47–55 × 9.5–10.5 μm. Pleurocystidia fusiform, hyaline, 47–61.5 × 10–12 μm. Pileipellis a trichoderm of interwoven hyphae, from suberected tending to prostrate, not gelatinised, smooth, hyaline or weak yellow in 3 % KOH; terminal elements (17–)33–67.5(–78) × (6–)6.5–10(–13) μm. Caulohymenium a layer of sterile elements, cylindrical to inflated, often forming chains, 17.5–25 × 4–11.5 μm, hyaline to yellowish, with scattered basidia. Clamp connections absent.

Habit, Habitat & Distribution — Solitary or in small groups, in deciduous forests with Quercus mongolica, undergrowth of Corylus heterophilla and Lespedeza bicolor. Rare, so far known only from a single station in Asiatic Russia.

Typus. Russia, Primorsky Krai, Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve, deciduous forest with Quercus mongolica (Fagaceae), N44°57′24″ E136°33′35″, 19 Aug. 2013, A. Kovalenko (holotype LE 254266, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH043611 and MH036169, MycoBank MB 825173).

Additional material examined. Baorangia alexandri. Russia, Primorsky Krai, Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve, vic. of Blagodatnoye, deciduous forest with Quercus mongolica, 19 Aug. 2013, A. Kovalenko, LE 254265, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH043612 and MH036170. Baorangia emileorum. Italy, Lazio, Latina, wood of Valle Fredda, loc. S. Martino, Priverno, in a mixed broadleaved wood with Quercus suber, Q. ilex and Q. cerris, under Q. cerris, N41°72′379″ E12°32′175″, 17 Nov. 2012, A. Vizzini, GS 10213, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH043613 and MH036171; Liguria, Savona, Borgio Verezzi, under Q. ilex, 13 Nov. 2014, A. Vizzini, TO HG131114, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH043617 and MH036175; Sardinia, Parco del Sulcis, Nuxis (CA), Monte Tiriccu, loc. Arcu su Fixi, under Q. ilex, 17 Oct. 2015, A. Tatti, TO HG171015, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH043615 and MH036173; ibid., 19 Oct. 2015, A. Tatti, TO HG191015, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH043614 and MH036172. – Portugal, Madeira Island, Levada do Furado, near Ribeiro Frio, on the slope under the path, under Quercus sp., 26 Sept. 2015, J. Borovička, PRM 934960, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH043616 and MH036174. Lanmaoa fragrans. Italy, Piemonte, Torino, Venaria Reale, Parco Naturale La Mandria, under Q. robur, 6 Oct. 2002, A. Vizzini, TO HG061002, LSU sequence GenBank MH036176.

Notes — GS refers to the personal herbarium of G. Simonini. The phylogenetic hypotheses were constructed using the Maximum likelihood (ML) approach (RAxML v. 7.3.2, Stamatakis 2006). Based on the ITS and LSU analyses, the two collections of Baorangia alexandri represent a new species. Baorangia alexandri clusters sister (bs = 57 %) to B. pseudocalopus (the type species of the genus) in the ITS analysis and, with low support, to a clade consisting of B. emileorum and B. pseudocalopus and two Baorangia sp. (GenBank KF112355 and KF112356) in the LSU analysis.

Baorangia pseudocalopus, so far known from China, Japan (Wu et al. 2016) and India, is the phylogenetically closest species to B. alexandri according to the ITS analysis. However, morphologically it is quite different, since its basidiome exhibits not so bright colours, pileus shows predominantly grey, pale reddish grey, light brown or pinkish brown colours, stipe is slightly paler, spores are slightly bigger (9–12.5 × 4–5 μm) and less elongated, hyphae of pileipellis are coloured in brown or yellowish brown tinges. Baorangia bicolor and B. emileorum (the orthographically correct species epithet for emilii, Parra et al. 2017) are morphologically quite similar to B. alexandri. Since B. bicolor was firstly interpreted in a wide sense including some cryptic species, it is currently problematic to separate some morphological features which distinguish strictly B. bicolor from its relatives. Probably the only distinguishing character (besides the genetic one) is the geographical distribution: until now B. bicolor is known only from North America (Bessette et al. 2010, 2016). Baorangia emileorum is characterised by a more massive and fleshy basidiome than B. alexandri, with stouter stipe and more decurrent hymenophore, pileus margin more irregular and undulate, colouration of pileus and stipe surface with usually brighter tints of red: purplish red, carmine red, garnet red, currant red; its spores are statistically longer and narrower, Q = (2.7–)2.8–3.4(–3.6) (according to Muñoz 2005), Q = 2.65–3.27 based on our observations on 132 spores from 4 collections; B. emileorum is until now only known from the Mediterranean area (France, Greece, Italy, Portugal (Madeira) and Spain) (Muñoz 2005 and pers. obs.).

For supplementary information see GenBank.

Colour illustrations. Russia, Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve, deciduous forest with Quercus mongolica, where the holotype was collected (photo by O. Morosova); basidiomata (photo by A. Kovalenko); spores, basidia, elements of the pileipellis, cheilocystidia, pleurocystidia and caulocystidia (all from the holotype, photos by T. Svetasheva). Microscopic elements observed in 3 % KOH. Scale bars = 20 mm (basidiomata), 10 μm (microscopic elements).

Baorangia alexandri.

Baorangia alexandri

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:266–267.

Fungal Planet 722 – 13 July 2018

Cladosporium michoacanense Iturrieta-González, Gené & Dania García, sp. nov.

Isabel Iturrieta-González 1, Josepa Gené 1, Dania García 1, Josep Guarro 1

Etymology. Name refers to Michoacán, the geographical area where the fungus was collected.

Classification — Cladosporiaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.

Colonies sporulating on synthetic nutrient-poor agar. Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, smooth, brown, 2–3 μm wide hyphae. Conidiophores macronematous, erect to slightly flexuous, 1–16-septate, branched or unbranched, pale to medium olivaceous brown, smooth, verruculose to tuberculate 24–552 × 3–3.5 μm. Conidiogenous cells terminal, cylindrical, 14–20 × 2–3 μm, bearing 2–4 subdenticulate loci, 1 μm wide, thickened, darkened and refractive. Primary ramoconidia 0–1-septate, pale brown, smooth to somewhat tuberculate, cylindrical to subcylindrical, 11–31 × 2–3 μm, with up to three distal hila; hilum thickened, darkened and refractive. Secondary ramoconidia aseptate, pale brown, smooth, cylindrical to subcylindrical, 10–15 × 2–3 μm, with up to 4 distal hila. Conidia in branched chains, with up to 4 conidia in the terminal unbranched part, aseptate, pale brown, smooth, with protuberant and darkened hila; intercalary conidia, ellipsoidal and obovoid, 5–12.5 × 2–3.5 μm; small terminal conidia subglobose, obovoid, pyriform, ellipsoidal, occasionally fusiform, 2.5–6.5 × 1.5–2 μm.

Culture characteristics — (at 25 °C in 2 wk): Colonies on PDA up to 34 mm diam, slightly dusty to velvety, radially folded, olive to dull green (3F3/28E4) (Kornerup & Wanscher 1978), aerial mycelium scarce, margin regular; reverse dark green (28F8); exudate scarce, consisting of small colourless droplets on the colony surface. On OA, up to 23 mm diam, slightly dusty, flat, olive to dark green (2F4/29F8), aerial mycelium scarce, margin irregular; reverse dark green (29F8) to black. On SNA, up to 22 mm diam, slightly dusty, flat, olive (3F4-8), aerial mycelium scarce, margin regular; reverse olive (2F4).

Cardinal temperature for growth — Optimum 20 °C, maximum 30 °C, minimum 5 °C.

Typus. Mexico, Michoacán, Villa Jiménez, from soil, Sept. 2016, leg. E. Rodriguez-Andrade (holotype CBS H-23245, cultures ex-type FMR 15914 = CBS 143588, ITS, LSU, actA and tef1 sequences GenBank LT907958, LT934506.1, LT907961 and LT907945, MycoBank MB823063).

Additional material examined. Mexico, Michoacán, Morelia, from soil, Sept. 2016, leg. E. Rodriguez-Andrade, FMR 15932, ITS, actA and tef1 sequences GenBank LT907944, LT907960 and LT907959.

Notes — Cladosporium michoacanense belongs to the C. sphaerospermum complex (Bensch et al. 2018). Based on the combined analysis of ITS, actA and tef1 markers, its closest relative is C. fusiforme. However, the lineage formed by the two isolates of C. michoacanense received a high statistical support and showed a phylogenetic distance of 1 % with respect to the lineage of the ex-type strain of C. fusiforme (CBS 119414). Cladosporium fusiforme differs from our novel species in several morphological aspects, such as in having shorter conidiophores (up to 200 μm long), larger primary (15–40 μm long) and secondary ramoconidia ((7–)8–24(–31) μm long), and terminal conidia commonly being fusiform (Zalar et al. 2007). Cladosporium michoacanense exhibits small conidia of varied shape (subglobose, ellipsoidal, obovoid, pyriform), but rarely fusiform.

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database using LSU sequences, the closest species were C. sphaerospermum (GenBank DQ780351.2; Identities = 840/844 (99 %), Gaps = 1/844 (0 %)), C. longissimum (GenBank DQ780352.2; Identities = 838/844 (99 %), Gaps = 1/844 (0 %)) and C. langeronii (GenBank DQ780380.2; Identities = 836/844 (99 %), Gaps = 1/844 (0 %)). The closest hits using ITS sequences were C. cladosporioides (GenBank JF911745.1; Identities 499/500 (99 %), Gaps = 0/500 (0 %)), C. succulentum (GenBank LN834434.1; Identities = 501/511 (98 %), Gaps = 5/511 (0 %)) and C. crousii (GenBank NR_148192.1; Identities = 500/511 (98 %), Gaps = 3/511 (0 %)). The closest hits using the actA sequences were C. fusiforme (GenBank KJ596640.1; Identities = 205/216 (95 %), Gaps = 4/216 (1 %)), C. aciculare (GenBank KT600607.1; Identities = 214/232 (92 %), Gaps = 0/232 (0 %)) and C. velox (GenBank KT600654.1; Identities = 202/225 (90 %), Gaps = 2/225 (0 %)). The closest hits with tef1 sequences were C. fusiforme (GenBank KJ596595.1; Identities = 236/252 (94 %), Gaps = 3/252 (1 %)), C. aciculare (GenBank KT600509.1; Identities = 236/263 (90 %), Gaps = 1/262 (0 %)) and C. velox (GenBank KT600556.1; Identities = 216/258 (84 %), Gaps = 4/258 (1 %)).

Maximum likelihood tree obtained from the combined analysis of ITS, actA and tef1 sequences of the C. sphaerospermum species complex (Bensch et al. 2018). Bootstrap support values above 70 % are indicated on the nodes. The alignment included 977 bp and was performed with ClustalW. The Kimura 2-parameter with Gamma distribution (G) was used as the best nucleotide substitution model. Both the alignment and tree were constructed with MEGA v. 6.0 (Tamura et al. 2013). The new species proposed herein is in the green box and ex-type, ex-epitype and ex-neotype strains are indicated with T, ET and NT, respectively.

graphic file with name per-40-240-i004.jpg

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Colour illustrations. Villa Jiménez, Michoacán (Imagen Credit Marco A. Ambris), Mexico; colony sporulating on PDA after 2 wk at 25 °C; conidiophores and conidia on SNA after 7 d at 25 °C. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Cladosporium michoacanense.

Cladosporium michoacanense

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:268–269.

Fungal Planet 723 – 13 July 2018

Colletotrichum condaoense Damm, sp. nov.

Ulrike Damm 1, Pedro W Crous 2

Etymology. The species epithet is derived from the locality where it was collected, Côn Đảo Islands, Vietnam.

Classification — Glomerellaceae, Glomerellales, Sordariomycetes.

Sexual morph on SNA. Ascomata ovoidal to obpyriform, medium to dark brown, glabrous, 170–260 × 150–180 μm, ostiolate, wall 10–14 μm (4–6 cells) thick, outer layer composed of flattened pale brown angular cells, 5–17.5 μm diam. Interascal tissue composed of paraphyses, hyaline, septate, branched at the base, disintegrating quickly, 35–70 μm long, base 3–5 μm diam, apically free, the apex rounded. Asci cylindrical to clavate, 55–72 × 11–15.5 μm, 8-spored. Ascospores biseriately arranged, hyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate, fusoid, usually more tapering towards one end than to the other, straight or slightly curved, both ends rounded or one end rounded and other end ± acute, (12.5–)15–18.5(–21.5) × (4.5–)5.5–7(–9) μm, mean ± SD = 16.6 ± 1.7 × 6.2 ± 0.8 μm, L/W ratio = 2.7. Asexual morph on SNA. Vegetative hyphae 1–8 μm diam, hyaline, smooth-walled, septate, branched. Chlamydospores not observed. Conidiomata consisting of conidiophores and setae formed directly on hyphae. Setae (few observed) pale brown, smooth-walled, 14–50 μm long, 3–4-septate, base cylindrical, 5–5.5 μm diam, tip ± rounded. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth-walled, septate, branched, to 20 μm long. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth-walled, ovoid to doliiform, with a double gelatinous layer, sometimes integrated, 7–19 × 5–6 μm, opening 1.5–2 μm diam, collarette ≤ 0.5 μm long, periclinal thickening distinct. Conidia hyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate, straight, sometimes very slightly curved, apex and base rounded, hilum sometimes visible, 12.5–14(–15) × 5–5.5(–6) μm, av. ± SD = 13.4 ± 0.8 × 5.4 ± 0.3 μm, L/W ratio = 2.5. Appressoria single, pale to medium brown, smooth-walled, elliptical, clavate, subglobose or irregular outline, with an undulate or lobate margin, (4.5–)7.5–13(–15) × (3–)4.5–8.5(–12) μm, av. ± SD = 10.3 ± 2.6 × 6.4 ± 1.9 μm, L/W ratio = 1.6.

Culture characteristics — (near UV light with a 12 h photoperiod, 20 °C after 10 d): Colonies on SNA flat with entire margin, hyaline to cinnamon, agar medium, filter paper and Anthriscus stem partly covered with grey fruiting bodies (ascomata) and sparse whitish aerial mycelium, reverse same colours; growth 12.5–15 mm in 7 d (19–21.5 mm in 10 d). Colonies on OA flat with entire margin; buff, salmon, ochreous to isabelline, partly covered with grey ascomata, salmon to ochreous conidiomata and sparse whitish aerial mycelium, reverse olivaceous grey, growth 14–16 mm in 7 d (23–24.5 mm in 10 d). Conidia in mass rosy buff to pale salmon.

Typus. Vietnam, Côn Đảo Islands, Côn Sõn, sea shore, from leaf spots on Ipomoea pes-caprae (Convolvulaceae), 12 Dec. 2012, U. Damm (CBS H-21508 holotype, culture ex-holotype CBS 134299; ITS, gapdh, tub2, chs-1, his3 and LSU sequences GenBank MH229914, MH229920, MH229923, MH229926, MH229927 and MH229917, MycoBank MB825023).

Additional material examined. Vietnam, Côn Đảo Islands, Côn Sõn, sea shore, from leaf spots on Ipomoea pes-caprae, 12 Dec. 2012, U. Damm, culture CBS 135823, ITS, gapdh, tub2 and LSU sequences GenBank MH229915, MH229921, MH229924 and MH229918; idem, culture CBS 135989, ITS, gapdh, tub2 and LSU sequences GenBank MH229916, MH229922, MH229925 and MH229919.

Notes — Ipomoea pes-caprae, called bayhops, beach morning glory or goat’s foot, is a creeping vine that grows worldwide at tropical beaches; it is one of the most common and most widely distributed salt tolerant plants and one of the first colonisers of dunes (https://en.wikipedia.org/).

Two Colletotrichum species were described from Ipomoea, none from I. pes-caprae. Colletotrichum ipomoeae was described from stems of I. batatas in Portugal (De Sousa da Câmara 1931) with conidia that are larger than those of C. condaoense 16–25 × 3.5–5 μm, while C. ipomoeicola (Rao 1963) from leaves of I. batatas in India, has curved conidia. There are several Colletotrichum species on Ipomoea listed in Farr & Rossman (2018): C. truncatum (syn. C. capsici), C. circinans, C. dematium, C. dematium f. ipomoaea, C. gloeosporioides, C. ipomoeicola and Colletotrichum sp. However, there is no report from Ipomoea pes-caprae, and most of the species listed are species with curved conidia (Rao 1963, Damm et al. 2009), except for C. gloeosporioides (Weir et al. 2012). All reports were from disease indexes/lists or from references prior to the molecular era, and therefore most of the identifications are not reliable.

There is no sequence of a Colletotrichum species from I. pescaprae in GenBank, but six sequences of five strains from other Ipomoea spp. Three of them (GenBank KT185055 and KT185056, Huang et al., unpubl. data, and JN672591, Hipol 2012) could be assigned to the C. orchidearum and C. magnum species complexes, respectively (Damm et al. 2019), while the other two strains (GenBank JN672598, Hipol 2012, and DQ117967/DQ119125, Steiner et al. 2006), belong to the C. boninense species complex but are not conspecific with C. condaoense (95 % and 98 % sequence identity). In contrast, the ITS of the ex-type strain of C. condaoense is 100 % identical with ‘C. hippeastri’ strain TV-06 (GenBank KR704574) from a leaf of Croton bonplandianus (Euphorbiaceae) probably in India (U. Nagajyothi et al., unpubl. data). It is possible that this is also C. condaoense; however, sequences of more loci are necessary to confirm this.

The closest species in BLASTn searches with ITS, gapdh, tub2, chs-1 and his3 sequences of the ex-holotype of C. condaoense, CBS 134299, in NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database restricted to ex-type strains, is C. parsonsiae (C. boninense species complex) with four (99 %), seven (97 %), six (99 %), one (99 %) and four (99 %) nucleotides different, respectively. There are several morphological differences between C. condaoense and C. parsonsiae. For example, conidia of C. condaoense are shorter than those of C. parsonsiae (18.5 × 5.4 μm on average on SNA), and the shapes of appressoria and ascospores are different (Damm et al. 2012). Based on these results we regard the strains from I. pes-caprae as a new species belonging to the C. boninense species complex.

Colour illustrations. Sea shore of Côn Sõn (Vietnam); left: leaf of Ipomoea pes-caprae with leaf spots; conidiophores; conidia; conidiomata; appressoria; right: ascomata; asci; ascospores. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Colletotrichum condaoense.

Colletotrichum condaoense

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:270–271.

Fungal Planet 724 – 13 July 2018

Colletotrichum cobbittiense S. Luo, G. Dong & P. Wong, sp. nov.

Shuming Luo 1, Gina Dong 1, Percy TW Wong 1

Etymology. Named after the location, Cobbitty, where it was found.

Classification — Glomerellaceae, Glomerellales, Sordariomycetes.

Sexual morph not observed. Asexual morph on PDA. Hyphae 1–4 μm diam, hyaline, darkening with age, smooth-walled, septate, branched. Mycelium hyaline, becoming grey and dark grey in patches with age. Conidiomata cream to pale brown. Conidiophores hyaline, septate, single or branched. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth-walled, mostly cylindrical, 8–14 × 2–4 μm. Conidia hyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate, cylindrical with rounded ends, sometimes tapering to a rounded end or narrowed at the centre, (11–)12(–17) × (4–)5(–6) μm. Appressoria single or in clusters, pale to dark brown, smooth-walled, subglobose to ellipsoidal or broadly cylindrical, sometimes tapering to apex, with entire, undulate or lobate margin, 8–18 × 4–8 μm.

Culture characteristics — Colonies on PDA reaching 55 mm diam in 5 d at 25 °C in the dark; moderate white aerial mycelium, becoming grey to dark grey at the centre or in patches, with moderate sporulation on cream to pale brown conidiomata. Reverse grey to dark grey at centre and in patches after 10 d incubation. Setae not observed. Appressoria abundant, adhering to the plastic surface of the agar plate.

Typus. Australia, New South Wales, Cobbitty, from leaf lesions of a Cordyline interspecific hybrid (C. stricta × C. australis) (Asparagaceae), Jan. 2016, S. Luo & G. Dong (holotype BRIP 66219, includes ex-type culture, ITS, GAPDH, ACT, CHS-1, HIS3 and TUB2 sequences GenBank MH087016, MH094133, MH094134, MH094135, MH094136 and MH094137, MycoBank MB824862).

Notes — Leaf spots were observed on the leaves of a Cordyline interspecific hybrid (C. stricta × C. australis) tree in the garden of the Plant Breeding Institute, Cobbitty, New South Wales, Australia. The leaf lesions were characterised by bleached centres and diffuse brownish margins around the lesions (see photo plate). The leaf spots were generally small (5–10 mm) and discrete. This pathogen has not been previously recorded in Australia (Shivas et al. 2016).

Phylogenetic analyses based on sequence data from six loci (ACT, CHS-1, GAPDH, HIS3, ITS and TUB2) place the fungus in the Kahawae clade of the C. gloeosporioides complex (Weir et al. 2012). It is closest to C. ti but differs in having smaller conidia (mean length of 12 μm vs 16 μm), a growth rate of about twice as fast on PDA (55 mm diam after 5 d vs 50–55 mm after 10 d) and in not producing ascomata in culture. Colletotrichum ti has only been found in New Zealand on Cordyline spp. while C. cobbittiense was isolated from lesions on leaves of a Cordyline interspecific hybrid (C. stricta × C. australis).

Multilocus phylogenetic tree inferred from the combined ACT, CHS-1, GAPDH, HIS3, ITS and TUB2 sequence alignment. The evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA v. 7 (Kumar et al. 2016) using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the Kimura 2-parameter model. The tree was rooted to C. cymbidiicola IMI: 347923*. Ex-type strains are marked with an asterisk (*).

graphic file with name per-40-240-i005.jpg

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Colour illustrations. Cordyline trees; leaf spot symptom on a Cordyline interspecific hybrid (C. stricta × C. australis); conidiophores and conidia; appressoria adhering to the plastic surface of agar plate. Scale bars (from left to right) = 10 mm, 10 μm, 10 μm.

Colletotrichum cobbittiense.

Colletotrichum cobbittiense

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:272–273.

Fungal Planet 725 – 13 July 2018

Coprinopsis afrocinerea Mešić, Tkalčec, Čerkez, I. Kušan & Matočec, sp. nov.

Armin Mešić 1, Zdenko Tkalčec 1, Ivana Kušan 1, Neven Matočec 1, Margita Jadan 1

Etymology. Named after the continent on which the type material was found and its similarity to Coprinopsis cinerea.

Classification — Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.

Pileus up to 28 mm wide when expanded, ellipsoid to paraboloid at first, later conical to convex, finally applanate or planoconcave with revolute margin, strongly plicate-sulcate except in the central disc, light to medium brown at centre and whitish to light brown towards the edge when young, later light grey to brownish grey except brownish to brown central disc, mostly with serrated edge at maturity. Veil on young pileus composed of dense, loosely adpressed hairs, easily detaching, more scattered and floccose at maturity, completely white or light rusty brown in the central zone. Lamellae free, moderately crowded, L = c. 45, l = c. 1–3, white at first, later grey, finally brown-black and deliquescent. Stipe 30–70 × 1.5–2.5 mm, central, cylindrical or gradually thickened towards the base, not rooting, hollow, dry, hairy-fibrillose at first, later hairy-floccose (more pronounced towards the base), sometimes becoming glabrous in the upper part, hairs white, underneath the surface brownish to light brown. Odour and taste not observed. Spore print brown-black. Basidiospores (250/5/3) (9.5–)10–11.6–13.3 × 6.8–7.9–9.1 μm (in KOH 2.5 %), in average (among different basidiomata) 11.3–12 × 7.7–8.1 μm, Q = (1.28–)1.35–1.47–1.59(–1.64), Qav = 1.43–1.5, ellipsoid to ovoid in frontal view, ellipsoid to (sub)amygdaliform in side view, with rounded to slightly conical base and rounded apex, not flattened, smooth, dark reddish brown in H2O, dark brown in KOH, non-amyloid and non-dextrinoid, slightly transparent, thick-walled (up to 1.5 μm); germ-pore central with inner diam of 1–1.6 μm and outer diam of 2–3.5 μm, covered with disk- to plate-shaped, transparent, red-brown lid, (2.2–)2.6–3.2(–3.6) × 0.3–0.6(–0.8) μm (measured in H2O), mostly attached to the spore in H2O, profusely releasing from the spore surface in KOH, expanding (up to 6 μm wide) and shaped like contact lens. Basidia 15–30 × 8.5–11 μm, clavate, 4-spored, thin-walled, hyaline, surrounded by 3–6 hymenophysalides (pseudoparaphyses). Cheilocystidia probably present, but totally collapsed and unrecognizable in our material (even in young basidiomata). Pleurocystidia of trabecular type (anchored in two neighbouring lamellae), abundant, elongated, c. 40–100 μm long, hyaline, rather collapsed in our material (not fully recovered in KOH). Veil cells on the pileus 20–200 × 2.5–25(–30) μm, cylindrical to (somewhat) inflated, in chains, often constricted at the septa, with cylindrical, inflated, conical or fusiform terminal elements, not diverticulate, exceptionally with individual and simple excrescences, not branched, thin-walled (up to 0.5 μm), at the centre of the pileus sometimes moderately thick-walled (up to 0.8 μm) or rarely thick-walled at places (up to 2 μm), glabrous, less frequently finely encrusted, rarely coarsely encrusted at the centre, hyaline or pale yellow-brown at the centre. Pileipellis a cutis, composed of repent, hyaline, thin-walled, 1.5–25 μm wide hyphae, often constricted at septa, with narrowest hyphae on the surface. Stipitipellis a cutis, composed of repent, cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled, 2–10 μm wide hyphae. Clamp connections present and abundant.

Distribution & Habitat — Nigeria, Lagos and Ondo States, two localities 182 km apart; gregarious on sandy/gravel soil with some plant remnants in a courtyard (typus) and on the same substrate in a heavily disturbed secondary tropical forest (Theobroma cacao, Elaeis guineensis, Musa sp., Khaya ivorensis), and on rotten log of Elaeis guineensis in a courtyard; saprotrophic. India (GenBank KR155115).

Typus. Nigeria, Ondo State, 11 km NW from Akure, N07°19′28″ E05°07′31″, 400 m a.s.l., on soil, 21 July 2008, M. Čerkez (holotype CNF 1/5838, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MG662162 and MG662158, MycoBank MB823829).

Additional material examined. Nigeria, Ondo State, 11 km NW from Akure, N07°19′28″ E05°07′31″, 400 m a.s.l., on soil, 21 July 2008, M. Čerkez, CNF 1/5836, ITS sequence GenBank MG662164; Lagos State, 6 km W from Imota, N06°39′58″ E03°37′05″, 50 m a.s.l., on rotten log of Elaeis guineensis, 4 July 2008, M. Čerkez, CNF 1/5811, ITS sequence GenBank MG662163.

Notes — Coprinopsis afrocinerea is morphologically very similar to C. cinerea. According to our study, the only constant morphological difference between them are the somewhat smaller basidiospores in the latter. Based on our measurement of 350 spores (from seven basidiomata, in four collections from different localities in Croatia) and data from Uljé (2005), C. cinerea has an average spore length less then 11 μm (9–10.9 μm) and an average spore breadth less than 7.5 μm (6.1–7.3 μm), while C. afrocinerea has an average spore length more than 11 μm (11.3–12 μm) and an average spore breadth larger than 7.5 μm (7.7–8.1 μm). Another difference is in their ecology. While C. cinerea lives on heaps of herbivorous dung (mixed with straw, grass or wood chips), on rotten straw or grass, or on other herbaceous refuse, C. afrocinerea was found on sandy/gravel soil with some plant remnants and on rotten wood. Another morphologically similar species is C. annulopora which differs by its more robust basidiomata (pileus up to 70 mm wide, stipe up to 18 mm wide), strongly rooting stipe, somewhat larger and more elongated basidiospores (average spore length more than 12.5 μm (12.8–13.2 μm) and an average Q of more than 1.6 (1.61–1.65)), and by a different substrate (heaps of herbivorous dung). The peculiar character shared by all three species is a lid covering the germ pore of the basidiospores, which only partially releases from the spores in H2O but profusely in KOH. While C. annulopora was named after that structure (Enderle 2004), only some authors observed it in C. cinerea, at least in some collections or spores (e.g., Citerin 1994, Doveri 2004, Enderle 2004, Gierczyk et al. 2014, Bender 2017, Melzer 2017). However, they described it as annuliform bulge around a germ pore. None of them noticed that this structure was not hollow but shaped like a contact lens.

A megablast search in GenBank using the ITS sequence from holotype of Coprinopsis afrocinerea showed that the closest three species were C. cinerea (e.g., GenBank AY461825, Identities = 673/696 (97 %), 7 gaps (1 %)), C. calospora (GenBank GQ249275, Identities = 616/638 (97 %), 7 gaps (1 %); GenBank JX118675 (holotype), Identities = 524/534 (98 %), 3 gaps (0 %)) and C. annulopora (GenBank HQ847017, Identities = 624/653 (96 %), 7 gaps (1 %)). For full phylogenetic analysis, see MycoBank.

Colour illustrations. Heavily disturbed secondary tropical forest in vicinity of Akure, Nigeria; basidiomata (top); basidiospores (top first three in H2O, all other basidiospores in KOH); veil on the pileus (phase contrast). Scale bars = 10 mm (basidiomata), 5 μm (basidiospores), 20 μm (veil).

Coprinopsis afrocinerea.

Coprinopsis afrocinerea

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:274–275.

Fungal Planet 726 – 13 July 2018

Diaporthe pseudoinconspicua T.G.L. Oliveira, J.D.P. Bezerra, A.R. Machado, Souza-Motta & O.M.C. Magalhães, sp. nov.

Thays GL Oliveira 1, Jadson DP Bezerra 1, Alexandre R Machado 1, Cristina M Souza-Motta 1, Oliane MC Magalhães 1

Etymology. The name refers to its morphological similarity to Diaporthe inconspicua.

Classification — Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes.

Conidiomata pycnidial on PDA in culture, globose to subglobose, lacking a neck, solitary or aggregated, dark brown to black, 200–320 × 160–190 μm, with yellowish conidial drops exuding from the ostioles. Alpha conidiophores hyaline, branched, straight to sinuous, aggregated, 14.5–21.5(–23.5) × 2.5–3 μm. Beta conidiophores hyaline, septate, branched, smooth, straight to sinuous, aggregated, 10.5–16(–18) × 2–2.5(–3) μm. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, hyaline, bifurcate, straight to sinuous, (9–)10.5–13.5 × 2–2.5(–3) μm. Alpha conidia aseptate, hyaline, bi- to multiguttulate, fusoid, rounded at one end, and with acute ends, 5–7.5(–8.5) × 2–2.5(–3.5) μm. Beta conidia hyaline, aseptate, filiform, straight to curved, with one end obtuse, the other truncate, 18–21(–25.5) × 1–1.5(–2) μm. Sexual morph not observed.

Culture characteristics — On PDA, colonies are initially white, becoming greyish, reverse pale brown with brownish and black dots, fluffy aerial mycelium, covering Petri dishes after 7 d at 25 °C with concentric zonation. Pycnidia forming after 30 d. On MEA, colonies are initially white with slow growth, becoming greyish, reverse pale brown with brownish to black dots, fluffy aerial mycelium, with concentric zonation. Pycnidia forming after 15 days.

Typus. Brazil, Paraíba state, Santa Teresinha, Tamanduá farm (S07°1.524 W037°23.518), as endophyte from branches of Poincianella pyramidalis (Fabaceae), May 2013, J.D.P. Bezerra (holotype URM 91188, culture ex-type URM 7874, ITS, LSU, CaM, his3, tef1-α and tub2 sequences GenBank MH122538, MH122541, MH122528, MH122517, MH122533 and MH122524, MycoBank MB824820).

Additional material examined. Brazil, Paraíba state, Santa Teresinha, Tamanduá farm (S07°1.524 W037°23.518), as endophyte from branches of P. pyramidalis, May 2013, J.D.P. Bezerra, URM 7873, isolates E22, E1 and E30. GenBank sequences URM 7873: ITS MH122535, LSU MH122540, CaM MH122525, his3 MH122518, tef1-α MH122530, tub2 MH122521. GenBank sequences E22: ITS MH122534, LSU MH122539, tef1-α MH122529, tub2 MH122520. GenBank sequences E1: ITS MH122536, CaM MH122526, tef1-α MH122531, tub2 MH122522. GenBank sequences E30: ITS MH122537, LSU MH122542, CaM MH122527, his3 MH122519, tef1-α MH122532, tub2 MH122523.

Notes — Based on the current phylogenetic analysis, the new species Diaporthe pseudoinconspicua is closely related to D. inconspicua and D. pterocarpi. Gomes et al. (2013) circumscribed the strain LGMF922 as D. inconspicua isolated as endophytic fungus from Spondias mombin in Brazil. Our phylogenetic inference placed the strain LGMF922 together with some endophytic fungi isolated from P. pyramidalis in Brazil, and here they are proposed as a new species, D. pseudoinconspicua. Morphologically, D. pseudoinconspicua differs from D. inconspicua based on the size of pycnidia (424–954 × 371–742 μm), conidiophores (11–21.5 × 2–2.5 μm), alpha (5.5–6.5 × 1.5–2 μm) and beta ((17.5–)20–26(–28) × 1–1.5 μm) conidia (Bezerra et al. 2018). Furthermore, D. pseudoinconspicua also differs from D. pterocarpi by the size of its pycnidia (100–120 μm diam), conidiophores (10–15 × 1–2 μm), alpha conidia (6–7 × 2.5 μm), and by the absence of beta conidia (Udayanga et al. 2012).

graphic file with name per-40-240-i006.jpg

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Bayesian inference tree obtained by phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS rDNA, tef1-α and tub2 sequences conducted in MrBayes on XSEDE in the CIPRES science gateway. Bayesian posterior probability values are indicated at the nodes. The new species is indicated in bold face. Diaporthella corylina (CBS 121124) was used as outgroup.

Colour illustrations. Brazilian tropical dry forest; colony on PDA; conidiomata pycnidial; alpha and beta conidiophores; alpha and beta conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Diaporthe pseudoinconspicua.

Diaporthe pseudoinconspicua

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:276–277.

Fungal Planet 727 – 13 July 2018

Dothiora infuscans Rodr.-Andrade, Stchigel, Guarro & Cano, sp. nov.

Ernesto Rodríguez-Andrade 1, Alberto M Stchigel 1, José F Cano-Lira 1, Josep Guarro 1

Etymology. From Latin infusco, to make dark, referring to the black fungal growth on the substrate it was isolated from.

Classification — Dothioraceae, Dothideales, Dothideomycetes.

Mycelium composed of subhyaline, smooth-, thin-walled, septate hyphae, 5–7 μm wide, later becoming thick-walled, increasing the number of septa and the volume of their cells to give them a moniliform appearance, and finally the hyphae turn dark brown and produce chains of holothallic (chlamydospore-like) conidia of up to 20 μm diam, which also develop longitudinal/oblique secondary septa over time, giving consequently a ‘muriform’ aspect to these propagules. Conidiophores micronematous, reduced to conidiogenous cells, mostly intercalary, producing conidia on lateral, short to long conic-truncate denticles, with 1–3 per conidiogenous cell. Conidia holoblastic, solitary, but attached to one another by a mucilaginous substance; mostly aseptate, smooth- and thin- to thick-walled, hyaline, becoming dark brown, thick-walled, roughened and mostly 1-septate, occasionally 2–3-septate, globose, ellipsoid or irregularly-shaped, prominently constricted at septa when old; unicellular conidia 8–9 × 4–5 μm; 2-celled conidia 10–13 × 6–7 μm; multi-celled conidia 18–19 × 5–7 μm. Microcyclic conidia produced by budding of the hyaline or pigmented conidia, solitary or in chains of up to 5 elements on inconspicuous denticles when the conidiogenous cell is young, but on protruding conical-truncate denticles when old, at one or both ends but also laterally, being smaller than the primary conidia. Endoconidia, conidiomata and sexual morph not observed.

Culture characteristics — Colonies on MEA reaching 27–29 mm diam after 3 wk at 25 °C, flattened, light yellow (4A5; Kornerup & Wanscher 1978) at centre, and successively greyish yellow (4B5), pale yellow (4A3) and reddish yellow (4A7) towards the edge, exudates absent, sporulation sparse; reverse light yellow (4A4), diffusible pigment absent. Colonies on PDA reaching 28–29 mm diam after 3 wk at 25 °C, flat and slimy at centre and sulcate at edge, yellowish brown (5D8) at centre, brownish black (6H8) at edge and light yellow (3A5) at the margins, exudates absent, sporulation abundant; reverse light orange (5A4) at centre, brownish grey (5E2) at the edge, and a pale yellow (4A3) margin, diffusible pigment absent. Colonies on OA 6–7 mm diam after 3 wk of incubation at 25 °C, slightly elevated, compact, margins irregular, blackish blue (20F8), exudates absent, abundant yeast-like conidia; reverse blackish brown (6G8) at centre and brownish orange (5C3) at edge, diffusible pigment absent. Colonies on PCA reaching 18–19 mm diam after 3 wk at 25 °C, flat and slimy at centre and filamentous (because of the submerged mycelium) at edge, black (18G2) at centre and olive brown (4E6) at edge, exudates absent, yeast-like conidia abundant; reverse orange white (5A2) at centre, brownish grey (6D2) at the edge, and yellowish white (4A2) at the margins, diffusible pigment absent. Minimum, optimal and maximum temperature of growth: 15 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C, respectively.

Typus. Spain, Tarragona province, Els Pallaresos village, isolated from the blackened wall of an industrial warehouse, 10 July 2017, J. Cano & A.M. Stchigel (holotype CBS H-23480, cultures ex-type FMR 16326 = CBS 144317; ITS and LSU sequences GenBank LT993342 and LT993345; MycoBank MB824999).

Notes — Dothiora infuscans was recovered by a wall surface swab taken in Els Pallaresos village, Tarragona province, Catalonia, Spain. Species of Dothiora produce a dothichiza-like asexual morph, as well as a hormonema-like synasexual morph (Crous & Groenewald 2016, 2017). Dothiora infuscans can be distinguished from other Dothiora spp. with a hormonema-like sexual morph by the production of ‘muriform’ thalloconidia. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hit using the ITS sequence is with the ex-type strain of Dothiora europeae CBS 739.71 (GenBank NR_145339; Identities = 445/470 (95 %), Gaps 5/470 (1 %)); and using the LSU sequence it is with Dothiora oleaea (GenBank KU728549; Identities = 834/842 (99 %), no gaps). Our ITS phylogenetic tree corroborated the placement of our isolate as a new species of the genus Dothiora, being phylogenetically close to Dothiora europeae.

graphic file with name per-40-240-i007.jpg

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Maximum likelihood tree obtained from the ITS alignment of our isolate and sequences retrieved from GenBank. The tree was built by using RAxML CIPRES (http://www.phylo.org/sub_sections/portal/) and the analysis of probability was run in MrBayes v. 3.2.1 (Huelsenbeck & Ronquist 2001). Bootstrap support values ≥ 70 % and Bayesian posterior probability values ≥ 0.95 are presented at the nodes. Neocylindroseptoria pistaciae CBS 471.69 and Celosporium larixicola L3-1 were used as outgroups. The new species proposed in this study is indicated in bold. T represents the ex-type strain of the novel species.

Colour illustrations. Wall with chromatic alteration in Els Pallaresos village, Tarragona province, Spain (background picture); colonies growing on different culture media (MEA, PDA, OA and PCA at 25 °C; upper picture); conidia, conidiogenous cells and denticles (black arrows), and ‘muriform’ propagules (inner pictures); detail of the wall with chromatic alterations (picture inside the black box). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Dothiora infuscans.

Dothiora infuscans

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:278–279.

Fungal Planet 728 – 13 July 2018

Entoloma yanacolor A. Barili, C.W. Barnes & Ordoñez, sp. nov.

Maria E Ordoñez 1, Alessio Barili 1, Charles W Barnes 2

Etymology. Named refers to the black colour of the fruiting body (yana) in the native Quichua Andean language.

Classification — Entolomataceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.

Basidiomata small, convex. Pileus 20 mm diam, smooth waxy surface, black, entire margin, slightly fleshy texture. Lamellae moderately close, adnate to adnate with decurrent teeth, whitish becoming pink with age, thick with entire and concolorous translucent edge. Stipe central, 23 × 2 mm, cylindrical, pale concolorous with pileus, smooth surface with white mycelium at the base. Context hollow, fragile. Indistinctive odour and taste. Pileipellis as a trichoderm, extended fusiform to subclaviform pileocystidia. Lamellar trama regular with cylindrical septate hyphae. Basidia 30–50 × 8–4 μm, claviform, 4-spored, clamp connections absent, fertile lamellae edge. Basidiospores 9–11 × 6.5–7.5 μm, ellipsoid, mostly with 6 angles, hyaline to pale pink, non-amyloid, non-dextrinoid, cyanophylic, metachromatic, Q = 1.5. Pleurocystidia subcylindrical, hyaline with thin wall. Cheilocystidia absent. Caulocutis as subtrichoderm with fusiform caulocystidia. Clamp connections absent.

Habitat — Gregarious on soil, among Azorella sp. in the Andean paramo.

Typus. Ecuador, Chimborazo province, Sangay National Park, alt. 3770 m, May 2016, J. Flores (holotype QCAM6312, Fungarium QCAM, ITS-LSU sequence GenBank MG947210, MycoBank MB824642, TreeBASE Submission ID 22308).

Notes — Entoloma yanacolor is a small species of Collybioid habit, that belongs to subg. Leptonia and to sect. Cyanula (Boccardo et al. 2008), the only difference being it is glabrous and not fibrillous / tomentose. Morphologically E. yanacolor is very similar to E. corvinum (Breitenbach & Kränzlin 1991), differing only by the glabrous surface of the pileus and stipe. However, the DNA sequence analysis excludes it being that species.

The megablast search using the full ITS sequence of E. yanacolor was truncated due to a unique 14-base gap near the end of the ITS2, giving only 91 % coverage for the top seven hits. Therefore, 14 ambiguous (n) bases were inserted at the site of the gap, increasing the coverage of the top six megablast results to 100 %. The results of the adjusted megablast search of the NCBI GenBank nucleotide database showed E. yanacolor was distinct from other species presently available for the genus with the closest species based on ITS sequence being an Entoloma sp. (GenBank KY706185; Identities = 569/624 (91 %), 22 gaps (4 %), adjusted for the 14-base gap insert). The ITS phylogenetic tree includes the top eight megablast hits for the E. yanacolor sequence.

graphic file with name per-40-240-i008.jpg

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The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Maximum Likelihood plugin PHYML in Geneious R9 (http://www.geneious.com; Kearse et al. 2012), and the substitution model determined by jModelTest (Posada 2008) according to the Corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc). Nolanea aff. bicoloripes (GenBank EF530937) is the outgroup. Bootstrap support values ≥ 80 % are given above branches. The phylogenetic position of E. yanacolor is indicated in bold. The species name is followed by the GenBank accession number, and when the country of origin was indicated, the three letter United Nations country code was used, in order of appearance CAN: Canada, ECU: Ecuador, FIN: Finland, ITA: Italy.

Colour illustrations. Ecuador, Sangay National Park; basidiocarp; pleurocystidia; basidiospores in cresyl blue. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Entoloma yanacolor.

Entoloma yanacolor

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:280–281.

Fungal Planet 729 – 13 July 2018

Exophiala nidicola Gené, Madrid & Guarro, sp. nov.

Josepa Gené 1, Josep Guarro 1, Hugo Madrid 2

Etymology. The name refers to the habitat where this fungus was found, the nest of a bird.

Classification — Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriales, Eurotiomycetes.

On oatmeal agar (OA): Mycelium consisting of septate, branched, subhyaline, smooth, thin-walled hyphae mostly up to 4 μm wide, with moniliform segments consisting of swollen, verruculose, thick-walled cells up to 8 μm wide; the swollen cells can show meristematic growth and form microsclerotia up to 40 μm wide. Conidiophores poorly differentiated, simple or rarely branched, mostly formed by 2–3 cells. Conidiogenous cells intercalary, terminal or lateral, cylindrical, ellipsoidal or lageniform, annellidic, with one or rarely two conidiogenous loci up to 1 μm wide and inconspicuous annellations; intercalary conidiogenous cells 9–12 × 2–3 μm; terminal and lateral conidiogenous cells 5–9 × 2.5–4 μm. Conidia narrowly obovoidal to allantoid, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, 3–5 × 1–1.5 μm. Yeast cells abundant, subcylindrical, ellipsoidal or reniform, 0–1-septate, subhyaline, thick-walled, 6–8 × 2–4 μm, with one or rarely two conidiogenous loci 0.5–1 μm wide, with inconspicuous annellations. Sexual morph not observed.

Culture characteristics — Colonies after 14 d at 24 °C attaining 13 mm on OA, floccose to lanose, brownish grey, raised at the centre, with an entire margin and a dark brown to grey reverse; colonies on MEA and SNA attaining 16 mm. On rich media such as Sabouraud dextrose agar and PDA, the fungus formed yeast-like colonies with an abundant cream-coloured mucilaginous exudate and a brownish diffusible pigment at room temperature. Growth positive in the range 6–37 °C, optimum temperature 30 °C, no growth observed at 40 °C.

Typus. Spain, Tarragona Province, L’Arbolí, isolated from the nest of an unidentified bird, Jan. 1990, J. Gené (holotype CBS H-21834, ex-type culture CBS 138589 = FMR 3889, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MG701055 and MG701056, MycoBank MB823878).

Notes — The genus Exophiala includes common agents of phaeohyphomycosis and occasional agents of chromoblastomycosis and mycetoma in humans (Zeng et al. 2007, Revankar & Sutton 2010), as well as pathogens of various other warm- and cold-blooded animals (De Hoog et al. 2011, Seyedmousavi et al. 2013). It also includes numerous environmental, apparently non-pathogenic taxa occurring as saprophytes in soil and on plant material, and extremotolerant colonizers of nutrient-poor or polluted habitats (De Hoog et al. 2006, Isola et al. 2016, Madrid et al. 2016).

BLAST searches with the ITS sequence of isolate CBS 138589 revealed affinities with members of the ‘Exophiala dermatitidis clade’ (De Hoog et al. 2003), such as E. heteromorpha CBS 232.33 ex-type (GenBank ITS: AY857524) and other strains 95–96 % identical, E. phaeomuriformis CBS 131.88 ex-type (GenBank ITS: AJ244259) 90 % identical, and E. dermatitidis CBS 207.35 ex-type (GenBank ITS: KF928444) and other strains 90 % identical. Considering that Exophiala spp. are widely represented in GenBank and that the cut-off for ITS-based species identifications in this genus is 99 % (Zeng et al. 2007, Madrid et al. 2016), strain CBS 138589 is regarded as a novel taxon. The distinguishing characters of E. nidicola are the production of some allantoid conidia and the absence of growth at 40 °C. However, its ability to grow at 37 °C and the production of strongly mucoid colonies on sugar-rich media are remarkable. Since extracellular polysaccharides, often forming slimy capsules, are considered putative virulence factors in Exophiala (Yurlova & De Hoog 2002), E. nidicola might represent another potential opportunistic pathogen. However, this hypothesis should be tested experimentally.

Colour illustrations. L‘Arbolí, Tarragona, Spain, where the sample was collected; colony sporulating on OA after 14 d at 25 °C; yeast cells and conidiogenous cells (scale bars = 10 μm); conidia (scale bar = 5 μm) and microsclerotia (scale bars = 20 μm).

Exophiala nidicola.

Exophiala nidicola

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:282–283.

Fungal Planet 730 – 13 July 2018

Fomitiporella pertenuis V. Xavier de Lima & J.R. Oliveira-Filho, sp. nov.

Vitor Xavier de Lima 1, José Ribamar C Oliveira-Filho 1, Tatiana B Gibertoni 1

Etymology. Pertenuis (Gr.), referring to the very thin basidioma.

Classification — Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes.

Basidioma annual, resupinate, up to 1.8 mm thick, margin thin; pore surface hazel (27; Watling 1969) when dry, pores angular, 6–8 per mm; dissepiments thin and entire; context reduced to a thin layer above the substrate, less than 0.5 mm thick, homogeneous hazel (27) to snuff brown (17) with the pore surface, sometimes with a darker line just above the tubes; tubes concolorous with the pore surface. Hyphal system monomitic; generative hyphae hyaline to rust (13), thick-walled with a wide lumen, simple septate, 2.5–4 μm diam, IKI-. Cystidia or other sterile elements absent; basidia not seen; basidiospores ellipsoid to ovoid, thick-walled, smooth, rust (13) to rusty tawny (14), IKI-, 4–5.5 × 3–4 μm.

Typus. Brazil, Alagoas, Biological Reserve of Pedra Talhada, on dead wood, July 2017, V. Xavier de Lima, PPT 111 (holotype URM 91181, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MG806101 and MG806100, MycoBank MB824040).

Additional material examined. Fomitiporella micropora. Brazil, Maranhão, São José de Ribamar, Panaquatira beach, on dead branch of living angiosperm, Jan. 2017, J.R.C. Oliveira-Filho, JRF135, URM 91186, LSU sequence GenBank MG806099. Phellinotus neoaridus. Brazil, Sergipe, Poço Redondo, Apr. 2016, T.B. Gibertoni, PH5, URM 91187, LSU sequence GenBank MG806098.

Notes — According to our phylogenetic analyses (ITS+LSU), F. pertenuis clustered in a clade with high support with specimens of F. tenuissima from China (GenBank KC999901, KC999902, KC999903), but diverged significantly from the Chinese specimens and it is distantly related from other species of Fomitiporella. Both F. pertenuis and F. tenuissima have thin basidiomata and lack sterile elements, but F. pertenuis has smaller pores (6–8 per mm vs 3–4 per mm in F. tenuissima) and monomitical hyphal system (both monomitic and dimitic hyphal system in F. tenuissima; Yu et al. 2013). The clade of F. tenuissima and F. pertenuis shows relation to Phellinotus (Dreschler-Santos et al. 2016), which is placed in Fomitiporella in our analyses. Thus, synonymising Phellinotus under Fomitiporella is suggested; however, both species of Phellinotus (P. neoaridus and P. piptadeniae) are pileate and are host-specific on living Ceasalpinia and Piptadeniae, and Fomitiporella, a resupinate genus whose species occur mostly on dead trees, would have to be emended. Another specimen collected in Brazil was identified as F. micropora; the specimen is morphologically very similar to the type description, but it has larger pores (4–5 per mm in the Brazilian specimen, 8–10 per mm in the type). Fomitiporella micropora is only superficially similar to the new species, from which it differs by the perennial, thicker basidioma (up to 10 mm), smaller pores (8–10 per mm), dimitical hyphal system, and slightly smaller basidiospores, (3–)3.5–4(–4.5) × (2–)2.5–3(–3.5) μm. Besides, F. micropora clustered in a clade with specimens collected in the type locality (Virgin Islands) and Costa Rica, distantly related from the new species.

graphic file with name per-40-240-i009.jpg

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The 50 % majority rule Bayesian tree inferred from ITS+LSU sequences with the model K80 + G using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Maximum parsimony (PAUP v. 4.0b10, Swofford 2003) and maximum likelihood (MEGA5, Tamura et al. 2011) analyses were done and similar topologies were obtained (not shown). Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) from 10 M generations; Maximum parsimony bootstrap (MPbs) and Maximum likelihood bootstrap (MLbs) support values from 1 000 replications. Values next to nodes represent PP/MLbs/MPbs. Sequences generated in this study are shown in bold. Bondarzewia montana represents the outgroup. The alignment is deposited in TreeBASE (Submission ID 22272).

Colour illustrations. Environment where the type specimen was collected in Biological Reserve of Pedra Talhada, AL, Brazil; close-up showing the thin dissepiments and rather angular pores (scale bar = 1 mm); transversal view of the basidioma: substrate (S), context (C), darker line (L) and tube layer (T) are visible (scale bar = 1 mm); photomicrographs of a septate generative hyphae and basidiospores (scale bar = 10 μm).

Fomitiporella pertenuis.

Fomitiporella pertenuis

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:284–285.

Fungal Planet 731 – 13 July 2018

Geastrum magnosporum J.O. Sousa, B.D.B. Silva, P. Marinho, M.P. Martín & Baseia, sp. nov.

Julieth O Sousa 1, Bianca DB da Silva 2, Paulo Marinho 3, María P Martín 4, Iuri G Baseia 5

Etymology. Referring to the size of basidiospores, being larger than the mean size in the genus Geastrum.

Classification — Geastraceae, Geastrales, Agaricomycetes.

Unexpanded basidioma hypogeous, orange white (5A2; Kornerup & Wanscher 1978), subglobose, 7 × 6 mm, surface papery to cottony, strongly encrusted with sand. Expanded basidiomata, arched, rarely saccate, 6–16 mm (including peristome) × 10–19 mm. Exoperidium splitting into 6–8 rays, arched, revolute, some involute, rolling up under endoperidial body, non-hygroscopic. Mycelial layer yellowish white (4A2), surface papery to cottony, strongly encrusted with sand and debris, persistent or peeling away in irregular patches, composed of yellowish, thin-walled (< 1 μm) hyphae, 2–2.5 μm diam, surface not encrusted, lumen not seen. Fibrous layer orange white (5A2), surface coriaceous, composed of hyaline, thick-walled hyphae (> 1 μm), surface encrusted, lumen seen. Pseudoparenquimatous layer, dark brown (7F4, 6F4), rimose, absent in some basidiomata, composed of brownish, thick-walled (> 1 μm) hyphae cells, subglobose, pyriform to ovoid, 30.5–63 × 27–46.5 μm. Endoperidial body orange grey (6B2), depressed-globose to subglobose, 3–5 × 6–9 mm, subsessile, surface furfuraceous. Apophysis absent or inconspicuous. Pedicel absent or very short (up to 0.6 mm high). Peristome fibrillose, lacerate with age, non-delimited to weakly delimited, mammiform to flattened (< 1 mm high), lighter or concolorous with endoperidium. Columella circular, central, white (4A1). Mature gleba greyish brown (5F3). Eucapillitium brownish, thin-walled (< 1 μm diam), 2–5 μm diam, surface encrusted, warts absent, lumen seen, branch absent. Basidia clavate to pyriform, 19–24.5 × 8.8–6.3 μm, 2–3 sterigmata. Basidiospores brownish to yellowish in 5 % KOH, globose to subglobose, 6–8.5 μm (x = 6.8 ± 0.7, Qm = 1.02, n = 30), densely verrucose, warts long (up to 1.3 μm high), truncate; apiculous reduced.

Ecology & Distribution — The specimens were found in the biome Atlantic Rainforest (Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests of Brazil – Pernambuco interior forests ecoregion) (Dinerstein et al. 2017), growing on sandy soil, without forest cover (exposed to sun), with gregarious or solitary habit.

Typus. Brazil, Paraíba, Mamanguape, Reserva Biológica Guaribas, S6°44′32.1″ W35°08′25.8″, on sandy soil, 26 June 2014, J.O. Sousa et al. (holotype UFRN Fungos–2312, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MG938496 and MG938497, MycoBank MB824254).

Additional material examined. Brazil, Paraíba, Mamanguape, Reserva Biológica Guaribas, 11 July 2013, J.O. Sousa et al., UFRN Fungos–2309; ibid., 27 July 2012, B.D.B. Silva et al., paratype UFRN Fungos–2310, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MG938498 and MG938499.

Notes — Geastrum magnosporum is morphologically close to Geastrum floriforme. However, G. floriforme has strongly hygroscopic rays, a sessile endoperidium and smaller basidiospores (up to 7 μm diam) (Sunhede 1989, Calonge 1998). Another similar species is G. arenarium, although, the latter differs in its well-delimited peristome, hygroscopic rays and smaller basidiospores (up to 4 μm diam) (Bates 2004). Geastrum hieronymi and G. minimum also resemble G. magnosporum, but these two species have a longer pedicel (up to 3 mm long) and smaller basidiospores (up to 5 μm and 6.5 μm, respectively) (Bates 2004, Kuhar et al. 2012). Other species with large basidiospores in the genus are G. laevisporum (up to 10 μm diam), G. campestre (up to 8 μm diam) and G. platense (up to 8 μm diam). Geastrum laevisporum is distinct due to its smooth basidiospores and hygroscopic rays; G. campestre in the plicate peristome and verrucose endoperidium; and G. platense in the larger basidiomata (up to 26 mm wide), hygroscopic rays and sessile endoperidium (Sunhede 1989, Soto & Wright 2000, Bates 2004, Sousa et al. 2015)

graphic file with name per-40-240-i010.jpg

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The first of three equally most parsimonious trees of the ITS nrDNA sequence alignment were obtained from a heuristic search. The analysis was conducted with PAUP v. 4.0b10 (Swofford 2003) with 10 000 bootstrap replicates. The new Geastrum species described here are marked with a coloured box. The accession numbers from EMBL/GenBank databases are indicated on the tree. Bootstrap support values greater than 50 % for Parsimony and Maximum-Likelihood (ML) are indicated on the branches. ML analysis was run with RAxML-HPC2 v. 8.2.10 (Stamatakis 2014) under a GTR model. Geastrum fornicatum was included as outgroup. CorelDRAW® X8 software was used to edit the final tree.

Colour illustrations. Brazil, Paraíba, Reserva Biológica Guaribas, SEMA II, open area of Atlantic rainforest where the type species was collected; expanded basidiomata in situ (UFRN–Fungos 2312, holotype); expanded basidiomata ex situ (UFRN–Fungos 2312, holotype); basidiospores under LM; basidiospores under SEM; eucapillitium under SEM. Scale bars = 2.5 mm (basidiomata in situ), 2 mm (basidiomata ex situ), 10 μm (basidiospores under LM), 1 μm (basidiospores and eucapillitium under SEM).

Geastrum magnosporum.

Geastrum magnosporum

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:286–287.

Fungal Planet 732 – 13 July 2018

Gyromitra subg. Pseudoverpa P.-A. Moreau, Bellanger & Loizides, subg. nov.

Michael Loizides 1, Pierre-Arthur Moreau 2, Jean-Michel Bellanger 3

Etymology. Due to the resemblance of species in the genus Verpa.

Classification — Discinaceae, Pezizales, Pezizomycetes.

Ascomata carbonicolous, gyromitroid or verpoid in aspect, stipitate, occasionally rufescent, comprised of a grey-brown, purple-brown or black cerebriform pileus and a smooth, white hollow stipe attached to the pileus only at the apex; spores smooth, cyanophilic, mostly biguttulate; paraphyses brown-pigmented.

Type species. Gyromitra anthracobia Loizides, P.-A. Moreau & Bellanger.

MycoBank MB824545.

Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:287.

Fungal Planet 732 – 13 July 2018

Gyromitra anthracobia Loizides, P.-A. Moreau & Bellanger, sp. nov.

Michael Loizides 1, Pierre-Arthur Moreau 2, Jean-Michel Bellanger 3

Etymology. Anthracobia = ανθρακóβıα (carbon-dwelling); from the Greek α̏νθραξ = carbon, and βíoς = life.

Pileus cerebriform, moderately to strongly lobate, 1–4(–6) cm diam, 1–2.5(–3) cm in height, finely tomentose and irregularly variegated, ranging from pale red-brown, olive-brown, purple-brown, purple-grey, or charcoal-grey, becoming black when fully mature or dry; margin deeply involuted but completely detached from the stipe, thick, white, gradually expanding outwards at maturity. Excipulum decurrently attached to the stipe, blue-grey under pileus, chalk-white elsewhere, smooth to subtomentose, sometimes with a faintly ochraceous tomentum towards the margin. Stipe 1.5–4(–5) cm long by 0.5–1 cm across, cylindrical, attached to the pileus only at the apex, stuffed with a cottony substance when young but soon hollow, pure white and finely tomentose, tomentum sometimes becoming ochraceous-pink to ochraceous-orange. Context white, unchanging when bruised, but ascomata occasionally developing prominent red or orange stains. Odour somewhat herbaceous. Ascospores (16–)18–21(–22.5) × (9–)10–11.5(–12) μm (Me = 19.7 × 11; Q = 1.5–2.2; Qm = 1.79), cyanophilic, ellipsoid, mostly biguttulate in water, sometimes also microguttulate at the poles, thick-walled, hyaline and smooth. Asci 150–270 × 13–16 μm, inamyloid, monoseriate, aporhynchus, often flexuous. Paraphyses 45–125 μm long, fasciculate, mostly bifurcate and 2–3-septate, with a slightly thickened wall and brown intraparietal pigment all along, often minutely incrusted at the lower part; apices slightly enlarged, cylindrical to clavate, 5–9.5 μm wide. Subhymenium 250–300 μm thick, a textura epidermoidea composed of small, intricate, jigsaw-like elements with yellowish thickened wall (< 1 μm). Context 400–700 μm thick, a mixture of subglobose, ellipsoid, polygonal or filamentous elements, all pale and slightly thick-walled. Excipulum 2-layered: inner layer slightly gelatinised, 40–50 μm thick, composed of thick-walled (< 1 μm), pale yellow hyphae, partly slender, 4–5 μm thick, partly globose or ellipsoidal 16–25 μm wide; outer layer hymenidermoid, made of clusters of erect or adpressed, 1(–2)-septate clavate hyphae 35–60 × 8–15 μm, with weakly thickened but bright yellow wall, embedded in pale yellow resinaceous matrix. Stipitipellis a cutis of slender, smooth, or rarely incrusted hyphae, 3–6 μm wide, with locally protruding, fasciculate cylindrical terminal elements. Medulla predominantly of broad, hyaline ellipsoid elements 12–30 μm wide.

Habit, Habitat & Distribution — Carbonicolous, fruiting in small or large groups between mid-March and mid-April, typically the first and second springs following a forest fire.

Typus. Cyprus, Kourdali, in 6-mo-old burned forest, 18 Mar. 2017, M. Loizides (holotype in Herbarium of the Faculty of Pharmacy of Lille: LIP 0001407, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH014751 and MH014750, MycoBank MB824544).

Additional material examined. Cyprus, Platania, on burned patch, 18 Apr. 2012, M. Loizides, ML21481VE, LSU and ITS sequences GenBank H014748 and MH014755; Kourdali, in 6-mo-old burned forest, 22 Mar. 2017, M. Loizides & P.-A. Moreau, ML71322V5, LSU and ITS sequences GenBank MH014746 and MH014753; Argaka, in 7-mo-old burned forest, 28 Mar. 2017, M. Loizides, ML71382VE, LSU and ITS sequences GenBank MH014747 and MH014754; Kourdali, in 7-mo-old burned forest, 22 Apr. 2017, M. Loizides, ML71422V2, LSU and ITS sequences GenBankMH014749 and MH014752.

Notes — Based on current phylogenetic inferences, the ITS locus is very divergent within Gyromitra, making analyses strongly biased towards the evolution of the 5.8S rDNA. Contrastingly, the LSU locus allows for the recognition of a monophyletic genus, conveniently divided into five subgenera: Gyromitra, Discina, Pseudorhizina, Melaleucoides and Caroliniana (Methven et al. 2013). Our rDNA (ITS and LSU) phylogenetic analyses place collections from Cyprus in a well-supported clade within Gyromitra, distant from its closest neighbour (G. esculenta) by 26 positions (3 % of sequence length) at the LSU locus. Considering the phylogenetic distances between presently accepted subgenera and unique morphoecological profile of the Cypriot collections, a new species and subgenus are here proposed.

Because of the cylindrical, elongated hollow stipe attached to the pileus only at the apex, G. anthracobia can strongly resemble a Verpa species in the field. However, the cerebriform pileus, brown-pigmented paraphyses and biguttulate cyanophilic spores, are all typical gyromitroid features. Although G. esculenta has similarly shaped and sized spores, it can be readily distinguished by its glabrous, chestnut-red pileus, its stout, lacunose stipe, attached to the pileus at several points forming chambers, and larger asci reaching 330–350 μm (Boudier 1909, Harmaja 1979, Breitenbach & Kränzlin 1984). Gyromitra infula has occasionally been reported from post-fire environments (Egger & Paden 1986), but has a saddle- or mitre-shaped pileus and narrowly ellipsoidal spores (measuring 19–23 × 7–8 μm acc to Dennis 1978, 19–26 × 7–10 μm acc to Van Vooren & Moreau 2009, or 20–30 × 7–9 μm acc to Medardi 2006). The rare G. fastigiata is typically associated with deciduous trees and has an intricately corrugated saddle-shaped pileus and ornamented triguttulate spores with polar appendages, measuring 24–32 × 11–15 μm (Svrček & Moravec 1972, Kotlaba & Pouzar 1974).

Colour illustrations. Holotype collection area at Kourdali, Cyprus; ascomata in situ, holotype coll. LIP 0001407 (scale bar = 10 mm); coll. ML71382VE in situ (scale bar = 10 mm); paraphyses and asci in water (scale bar = 50 μm); naturally discharged spores in water (scale bar = 10 μm); stipitipellis hyphae in Floxina aquosa + KOH (scale bar = 100 μm); coll. ML71322V5 in situ (scale bar = 10 mm).

Gyromitra anthracobia.

Gyromitra anthracobia

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:288–289.

Fungal Planet 733 – 13 July 2018

Hongkongmyces snookiorum Raudabaugh, Iturr., & A.N. Mill., sp. nov.

Daniel B Raudabaugh 1, Teresa Iturriaga 1, Andrew N Miller 1

Etymology. Named after Lucien and Shirley Snook for permitting research to be conducted on their property, which contributed to the discovery of this new species.

Classification — Lindgomycetaceae, Pleosporales, Dothidiomycetes.

On potato dextrose agar (PDA). Conidiomata pycnidial, globose to ampulliform, hyaline turning dark brown with age, up to 500 μm diam, with central ostiole to multiple ostioles, 10–15 μm diam; outer wall one cell layer of brown textura prismatica to textura angularis, inner wall 2–3 cell layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiogenous cells discrete, phialidic, hyaline, smooth, tightly aggregated, subulate to ampulliform, 7.5–10 × 4–4.5 μm, with sympodial proliferations. Conidia white in mass, hyaline, solitary, ellipsoid to ovoid, 4.5–5.5 × 3.5–4 μm, 1–2 central guttules when mature, several small guttules when young.

Culture characteristics — Colonies (holotype, 25 °C after 2 wk) moderately slow-growing on water agar (WA), cornmeal agar (CM), and potato dextrose agar (PDA). Colonies reaching 38–40 mm diam on WA, 18–21 mm diam on CMA, and 28–32 mm diam on PDA. Silky, hyaline on WA, felty, hyaline to white on CMA, and felty, greyish brown (D3–D5) (Kornerup & Wanscher 1978) with hyaline margin on PDA; margin even, appressed; reverse same as the mat.

Habitat — Submerged detritus from a fresh water fen.

Distribution — Known only from Pennsylvania, USA.

Typus. USA, Pennsylvania, Center County, near Philipsburg, Black Moshannon State Park, 40.9008, -78.0604, isolated from submerged detritus from a fresh water fen, 11 Aug. 2014, D.B. Raudabaugh & M. Woodley (holotype ILLS81638, ex-type strain DAOMC 251900, ITS-LSU and tef1 sequences GenBank MH161189 and MH161190, MycoBank MB825179).

Notes — Phylogenetic analyses employing ML and Bayesian criteria of individual and concatenated tef1 and ITS-LSU nrDNA sequences suggest that H. snookiorum and H. pedis are sister taxa. Hongkongmyces snookiorum can be distinguished from H. pedis based on habitat (fresh water fen vs human tissue), geography (USA vs Japan), and lack of a yellow to red pigment around the colony on PDA and oatmeal agar (OA) (Tsang et al. 2014).

graphic file with name per-40-240-i011.jpg

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Phylogram of the RAxML v. 8.2.10 (Stamatakis 2014) maximum likelihood analysis of Hongkongmyces species based on combined tef1 and ITS-LSU nrDNA sequences. Bootstrap support values ≥ 70 % are shown above branches. Thickened branches indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥ 95 %. Hongkongmyces snookiorum is shown in bold. The type species of Hongkongmyces is H. pedis. T = sequences generated from type specimens.

Colour illustrations. Background photo of freshwater fen; 14-d-old culture on OA; mature conidiomata with conidia in mass; conidiogenous cells with immature conidia; conidia. Photos: D. Raudabaugh and T. Iturriaga. Scale bars = 400 μm (conidiomata), 5 μm (all others).

Hongkongmyces snookiorum.

Hongkongmyces snookiorum

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:290–291.

Fungal Planet 734 – 13 July 2018

Lecanicillium restrictum Hubka, Kubátová, Nonaka, Čmoková & Řehulka, sp. nov.

Vit Hubka 1, Alena Kubátová 2, Kenichi Nonaka 3, Adéla Čmoková 4, Jiří Řehulka 5

Etymology. restrictum (res.tric’tum. L. neut. part. adj.); limited, restricted, referring to the slow growth at room temperature (25 °C).

Classification — Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes.

On PCA: Phialides produced on aerial hyphae, solitary or aggregated in whorls of 2–5 phialides, tapering toward the tip, (12–)17–30(–36) μm long (mean ± standard deviation; 22.4 ± 4.8), basal part 0.5–1.5 (1.1 ± 0.2) μm wide, 0.3–0.5 μm wide on the tip. Conidia dimorphic, macroconidia with pointed ends, fusiform or slightly falcate, smooth-walled, 1-celled, (5–)6–10(–12) × 1–1.5 μm (7.5 ± 1.3 × 1.1 ± 0.1), microconidia usually without sharply pointed ends, ovate, ellipsoidal, obovate or fusoid, frequently slightly curved, smooth-walled, 1-celled, 2.5–3 × 1–1.5 μm (3 ± 0.4 × 1.1 ± 0.1). No microscopic crystals observed.

Culture characteristics — (in the dark, at 20 °C after 14 d): Colonies on PCA 20–23 mm diam (10–12 mm after 7 d), white, cottony, centrally raised, margin entire, no exudate and soluble pigments, reverse yellowish white (4A2; Kornerup & Wanscher 1967). Colonies on MEA 19–22 mm diam (10–12 mm after 7 d), yellowish white (4A2), waxy, delicately funiculose, umbonate, radially wrinkled, margin entire, no exudate and soluble pigments, reverse pale yellow (4A3). Colonies on PDA 21–25 mm diam (11–13 mm after 7 d), yellowish white (4A2), floccose to delicately funiculose, umbonate, radially wrinkled, margin entire, no exudate and soluble pigments, reverse yellowish white (4A2) to pale yellow (4A3). Growth rates at 15 °C on PCA/MEA/PDA: 8–10/8–10/9 mm after 7 d and 17–21/17–20/18–21 mm after 14 d, respectively. Growth rates at 25 °C on PCA/MEA/PDA: 1–3/2–4/2–4 mm after 7 d and 2–4/4–5/3–6 mm after 14 d, respectively. No growth to microcolonies on PCA and MEA at 27 °C; no growth at 30 °C.

Typus. Czech Republic, Starý Bohumín, surface of the wooden barrel found during archaeological excavations, 3 Mar. 2014, coll. M. Kiecoň & P. Malík, isol. J. Řehulka (holotype PRM 946543, isotype PRM 946544, culture ex-type CCF 5252 = CBS 143072; SSU-ITS-LSU, tef1-α and tub2 sequences GenBank LT548279, LT626943 and LT989952, MycoBank MB824887).

Notes — BLAST analysis with the ITS rDNA region sequence gave closest hits to L. testudineum CCF 5201T (99 %, 497/499 bp, GenBank LT548278), L. kalimantanense NBRC 105406T (94 %, 465/494 bp, GenBank AB360356), L. wallacei CBS 101237T (93 %, 448/484 bp, GenBank EF641891) and Verticillium indonesiacum BTCC-F36T (93 %, 462/495 bp, GenBank AB378516). LSU rDNA showed 99 % similarity to L. testudineum (99 %, 589/592 bp, GenBank LT548278) and L. wallacei (541/548 bp, GenBank AY184967), and 98 % similarity to L. kalimantanense (580/589 bp, GenBank AB360356) and V. indonesiacum (580/589 bp, GenBank AB378516). The tub2 sequence showed 91 % similarity to L. testudineum (1 225/1 348 bp, GenBank LT548284) and the tef1-α sequence 94 % similarity to L. testudineum (936/992 bp, GenBank LT626942).

Lecanicillium restrictum is characteristic by having slow growth at 25 °C, optimum temperature for growth around 20 °C and the production of dimorphic conidia. Lecanicillium testudineum has an optimum temperature for growth around 25 °C and smaller macroconidia than L. restrictum. Microconidia of L. restrictum are smaller than conidia produced by L. kalimantanense (3.5–12 × 1–2 μm) (Sukarno et al. 2009). Phialides of V. indonesiacum are most frequently produced in a single whorl at the end of erect hyphae (Sukarno et al. 2009). Lecanicillium wallacei grows more rapidly than L. restrictum on PCA at 20 and 25 °C (Zare & Gams 2001).

The best scoring maximum likelihood tree calculated from ITS rDNA and tef1-α sequences shows the species relationships within the genus Lecanicillium. The optimal partitioning scheme (PartitionFinder v. 1.1.1; Lanfear et al. 2012) divided the dataset into four partitions with the following substitution models: the GTR+G substitution model was used for ITS1 and ITS2 regions, JC+I model for the 5.8S nrDNA region and the 2nd codon positions of tef1-α, F81+I+G model for the 1st codon positions of tef1-α, and HKY+G model for the 3rd codon positions of tef1-α. The tree was constructed with IQ-TREE v. 1.4.0 (Nguyen et al. 2015). The dataset contained 30 taxa and a total of 1 583 characters of which 478 were variable and 357 parsimony-informative. Bootstrap support values at branches were obtained by generating 1 000 bootstrap replicates. Only bootstrap support values ≥ 70 % are shown; ex-type strains are indicated by a superscript T. The tree is rooted with Simplicillium lanosoniveum CBS 704.86 and S. obclavatum CBS 311.74T.

For phylogenetic tree see Fungal Planet 735.

Colour illustrations. Wooden barrel found during archaeological excavations, Starý Bohumín, Czech Republic; 14-d-old colonies of L. restrictum on PCA (left) and MEA (right), left half of Petri dish: colony at 20 °C, right half: 25 °C; whorls of phialides and solitary phialides; micro- and macroconidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Lecanicillium restrictum.

Lecanicillium restrictum

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:292–293.

Fungal Planet 735 – 13 July 2018

Lecanicillium testudineum Hubka, Kubátová, Schauflerová, Déniel & Jany, sp. nov.

Vit Hubka 1, Alena Kubátová 2, Adéla Schauflerová 3, Franck Déniel 4, Jean-Luc Jany 4

Etymology. testudineum (tes.tu.din’e.um. L. neut. adj.); referring to the turtle, the source of isolation of the ex-type strain.

Classification — Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes.

On PCA: Phialides produced on aerial hyphae, solitary or aggregated in whorls of 2–4 phialides, tapering toward the tip, (13–)16–45(–53) μm long (mean ± standard deviation; 25.9 ± 8.4), exceptionally up to 80 μm long, basal part 0.5–1 (0.8 ± 0.2) μm wide, 0.5–1 μm wide on the tip. Conidia dimorphic, macroconidia with pointed ends, fusiform or slightly falcate, smooth-walled, 1-celled, 3.5–6(–6.5) × 1–1.5 μm (4.8 ± 0.7 × 1.3 ± 0.1), microconidia usually with rounded ends, ovate, ellipsoidal, or fusoid, frequently asymmetric, curved to reniform, smooth-walled, 1-celled, 2–3.5 × 1–1.5 μm (2.7 ± 0.3 × 1.2 ± 0.1). Microscopic prismatic crystals occasionally present in culture, single or twinned (cruciform penetration twinning), up to 16 × 6 μm; no octahedral crystals observed.

Culture characteristics — (in the dark, at 25 °C after 14 d): Colonies on PCA 16–41 mm diam (9–21 mm after 7 d), white, cottony, centrally raised, margin entire, submerged, no exudate and soluble pigments, reverse yellowish white (4A2; Kornerup & Wanscher 1967). Colonies on MEA 16–33 mm diam (9–21 mm after 7 d), white, cottony and raised (ex-type strain CCF 5201) or yellowish white (4A2) to pale yellow (4A3), waxy and radially wrinkled (strains UBOCC-A-116026 and UBOCC-A-112180), margin entire, no exudate and soluble pigments, reverse yellowish white (4A2) to light yellow (4A4). Colonies on PDA 20–41 mm diam (9–21 mm after 7 d), white, cottony, centrally raised, colony surface or at least marginal parts radially wrinkled, margin entire, no exudate and soluble pigments, reverse pale yellow (4A3) to greyish yellow (4B5). Growth rates at 15 °C on PCA/MEA/PDA: 5–7/4–8/4–6 mm after 7 d and 9–15/8–14/8–12 mm after 14 d, respectively. Growth rates at 20 °C on PCA/MEA/PDA: 7–13/8–13/8–13 mm after 7 d and 15–25/13–19/17–25 mm after 14 d, respectively. Growth at 27 and 30 °C slower than at 25 °C; no growth at 37 °C.

Typus. Czech Republic, Prague, scales from the carapace of the captive red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans), Aug. 2015, coll. A. Schauflerová, isol. J. Koubková (holotype PRM 935078, isotype PRM 935079, culture ex-type CCF 5201 = CBS 141096; SSU-ITS-LSU, tef1-α and tub2 sequences GenBank LT548278, LT626942 and LT548284, MycoBank MB824886).

Additional material examined. France, Tours, chemical solution of nickel, Feb. 2012, isol. F. Déniel, UBOCC-A-112180 = CCF 5545, ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1-α and tub2 sequences GenBank LT992874, LT992876, LT992875, LT992868 and LT992870; chemical solution of nickel, Oct. 2016, isol. F. Déniel, UBOCC-A-116026 = CCF 5546, ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1-α and tub2 sequences GenBank LT992871, LT992873, LT992872, LT992867 and LT992869.

Notes — For BLAST analysis results see description of Lecanicillium restrictum. Lecanicillium testudineum has a higher optimum temperature for growth and smaller macroconidia than L. restrictum. Both micro- and macroconidia of L. kalimantanense and L. wallacei are longer than those of L. testudineum (Zare & Gams 2001, Sukarno et al. 2009). Phialides of V. indonesiacum are most frequently produced in a single whorl at the end of erect hyphae (Sukarno et al. 2009).

Intraspecific variability among isolates of L. testudineum was observed in colony morphology on MEA and PDA (see above) and growth parameters. Colony diameters of UBOCC-A-116026 were smaller on all media by 20–40 % compared to UBOCC-A-112180, and by 25–55 % compared to CCF 5201T. The isolates UBOCC-A-116026 and UBOCC-A-112180 sporulated less intensively compared to CCF 5201T, but otherwise there was a low degree of phenotypic variability in micromorphology, similarly to a low genetic variability in all five examined loci.

Lecanicillium testudineum has been isolated from nickel-containing solution and superficial lesions on carapaces of two captive red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans). We believe that the species was a causal agent of these infections, because it was isolated in pure culture during two subsequent examinations and fungal hyphae were observed in the direct microscopic examination. A more detailed case report will be published elsewhere. Infections due to Lecanicillium spp. in reptiles are rare and have only been reported in captive Guthega skinks (Liopholis guthega) (Scheelings et al. 2015).

graphic file with name per-40-240-i012.jpg

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Colour illustrations. A red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) with superficial lesions on the carapace; 14-d-old colonies of L. testudineum on PCA (upper Petri dish) and MEA at 25 °C; whorls of phialides and solitary phialides; micro- and macroconidia; twinned prismatic crystals occasionally present in culture. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Lecanicillium testudineum.

Lecanicillium testudineum

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:294–295.

Fungal Planet 736 – 13 July 2018

Lentithecium carbonneanum J. Fourn., Raja & Oberlies, sp. nov.

Huzefa A Raja 1, Nicholas H Oberlies 1, Jacques Fournier 2

Etymology. Named after ‘Carbonne’ a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in south-western France where the type species was collected.

Classification — Lentitheciaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.

Ascomata subglobose to depressed-spherical, scattered, 290–340 μm high, 380–420 μm diam, immersed to slightly erumpent, with a non-papillate porate ostiole, blackening host surface. Peridium 22–35 μm thick, pale to dark brown, pseudoparenchymatous, beneath a blackish brown clypeus 30–45 μm thick. Asci bitunicate, fissitunicate, narrowly clavate, 100–110 × 13.5–16 μm, with eight ascospores; uniseriate in lower half, irregularly biseriate in upper half, including a short straight to contorted stipe, 15–22 μm long, furcate at base; hamathecium of cellular pseudoparaphyses, 1.5–3 μm wide with free rounded tips, sparsely guttulate, embedded in mucilage. Ascospores (14.5–)17–19.5(–22) × (5.5–)6–7(–8) μm, quotient length/width (Q) = (2.4–)2.5–2.9(–3); n = 60 (mean = 18.2 × 6.7 μm; mean value of quotient length/width (Qe) = 2.7), ellipsoid-fusiform, 1-septate, strongly constricted at median septum, upper cell wider and slightly constricted at mid height, usually more obtusely rounded than lower one, with 3–4 large guttules, eventually 3-septate; wall 1 μm thick, yellowish brown, verrucose, with remnants of slimy material visible in Indian ink but without well-defined sheath.

Culture characteristics — Colonies on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA; Difco, Detroit, MI, USA) attaining 30 mm diam after 4 wk at 25 °C, irregular, somewhat raised. Aerial mycelium appearing finely flocculose, colony surface dark to mouse grey, hyaline towards the margin with purple, vinaceous buff, filamentous; reverse black.

Typus. France, Haute-Garonne, Carbonne, SW of route du Lançon, 43.317932, 1.217286, artificial lake in a gravel pit, c. 200 m a.s.l., on submerged decorticated branch of Populus, 4 Apr. 2017, J. Fournier JF 17012 (holotype ILLS 81639, ex-holotype culture CBS 144076 = G951, single ascospore isolate from holotype, ITS-LSU, partial LSU and partial rpb2 sequences GenBank MH062991, MH069699 and MH037278, MycoBank MB824593).

Notes — The genus Lentithecium was established for L. fluviatile (Zhang et al. 2009a). Although this genus was characterised by the lenticular ascomata, later work by Hyde et al. (2013) upon re-examination based on the holotype of L. fluviatile revealed that the species has globose ascomata, which agrees with the description of L. carbonneanum. Morphologically, the new species from France agrees well with the generic concept of Lentithecium in having globose ascomata, fissitunicate, short pedicellate asci, and hyaline, 1–3-septate fusiform ascospores with obtuse ends (Zhang et al. 2009a). More recently, species with brown ascospores (L. cangshanense and L. voraginesporum) have also been placed within Lentithecium (Su et al. 2016, Hyde et al. 2016). The genus Lentithecium currently includes six species, L. cangshanense, L. clioninum, L. fluviatile, L. pseudoclioninum, L. unicellulare and L. voraginesporum (Zhang et al. 2009a, b, Hyde et al. 2013, 2016, Tanaka et al. 2015, Su et al. 2016). Lentithecium carbonneanum is morphologically similar to L. cangshanense, and L. voraginesporum in having brown ascospores. Lentithecium carbonneanum is, however, different from L. cangshanense in having larger ascomata (290–340 μm high, 380–420 μm diam in L. carbonneanum vs 210–310 μm high, 220–320 μm diam in L. cangshanense). The asci in L. carbonneanum are also larger than in L. cangshanense (100–110 × 13.5–16 μm in L. carbonneanum vs 65–78 × 11–13 μm in L. cangshanense) (Su et al. 2016). Lentithecium carbonneanum differs from L. voraginesporum in habitat type; the former was described and isolated from submerged wood in a freshwater lake, while the latter was described and isolated from submerged, decayed Phragmites australis in the Arabian Gulf mangroves (Hyde et al. 2016). A molecular phylogenetic analysis of partial LSU sequences also clearly separates the two species from L. carbonneanum (see MycoBank). In addition, a phylogenetic analysis using partial rpb2 sequences places the new species along with the type species, L. fluviatile, and L. cangshanense. In our analyses (partial LSU and partial rpb2), L. aquaticum, does not cluster with other sequenced species of Lentithecium including the type species, L. fluviatile.

graphic file with name per-40-240-i013.jpg

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Phylogram of the most likely tree (-lnL = 8822.39) from a PHYML analysis of 25 taxa based on partial rpb2 sequence data (914 bp). Numbers refer to PHYML bootstrap support values ≥ 70 % based on 1 000 replicates. Strain G951 (CBS 144076) is indicated in bold and is identified as having phylogenetic affinities to members of the genus Lentithecium. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site. A 30-d-old culture of G951 (CBS 144076) on PDA media is shown.

Colour illustrations. Background photo of the artificial lake in France where the fungus was collected (photo credit Marie Fournier); ascoma (scale bars = 1 mm in top photo, 100 μm in others); asci (scale bars = 50 μm); ascospores (scale bars = 10 μm).

Lentithecium carbonneanum.

Lentithecium carbonneanum

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:296–297.

Fungal Planet 737 – 13 July 2018

Leratiomyces tesquorum Adamčík & Vizzini, sp. nov.

Alfredo Vizzini 1, Enrico Ercole 1, Slavomír Adamčík 2, Katarína Adamčíková 3

Etymology. The specific epithet is the genitive plural of the Latin word tesquum (= desert place) and refers to the growing of the fungus in desert and arid areas.

Classification — Strophariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.

Basidiomata pileostipitate, with lamellar hymenophore. Pileus 14–18 mm wide, plano-convex, without or with low indistinct umbo in the centre, margin not striated (not even when wet), long involuted, surface hygrophanous, matt and shiny when wet, not viscid, near the pileus margin smooth and becoming rugulose towards centre, when wet Sahara-brown (6D5; Kornerup & Wanscher 1974) to yellowish brown (5D8) and dark brown towards centre (6F8), dry uniformly pale yellowish (more reddish than 4A3–4A4), no veil remnants observed. Lamellae adnate-emarginate, L = 32–46, l = 1–3, c. 3 mm broad, first ivory-yellow (4B3), later grey-brown (6E3) to brown (6E4). Stipe 30–40 × 3.5–6 mm, tapering towards base and rooting deep (20–30 mm) in substrate (sandy soil), often fusiform, surface strongly fibrillose especially near lamellae, without veil remnants, interior hollow, above yellowish brown (4C5 – chamois to 4B6 – amber-yellow), towards base darker brown (6E5). Context elastic, concolorous with surface, not changing after bruising or air-exposure, without distinctive odour (or faint radish like). Spore-print not obtained, probably dark brown. Spores (n = 32) (11–)11.5–12.4–13(–13.5) × (6–)6.5–6.9–7.5(–8) μm, Q = (1.63–)1.7–1.79–1.90(–2.01), ellipsoid, oblong or amygdaloidal, in frontal view ellipsoid, smooth, dark brown in 10 % KOH solution, walls 1 μm thick, truncate with large germ pore (1–1.5 μm wide), hilar appendage inconspicuous and hyaline. Basidia (31–)32.5–34.5–36.5(–39) × (9.5–)10–11–11.5(–12) μm broadly clavate, mainly 4-spored, occasionally 2- or 3-spored, mainly thin-walled but occasionally with slightly thickened walls, basidiola first cylindrical, then clavate, c. 3.5–10.5 μm wide. Subhymenium 25–30 μm thick, of 2–5 μm wide, intricate hyphae forming a pseudoparenchymatic structure, sharply delimited from parallel hyphae of lamellae trama, composed of < 50 μm long and c. 3–10 μm wide elements, often anastomosed and occasionally branched. Cheilocystidia abundant, (19.5–)25.5–31.7–37.5(–40) × (4.5–)5–6–6.5(–7) μm, thin-walled or with slightly thickened walls (< 0.5 μm), narrowly lageniform to subcylindrical, often moniliform, apically mainly subcapitate rounded, occasionally tapering. Pleurocystidia absent. Pileipellis ixocutis, c. 20–30 μm thick, composed of densely packed, horizontally oriented hyphae with intracellular yellow pigments, with mainly slightly or distinctly thickened walls, near the surface gelatinised and strongly incrusted by yellow-brown pigments, terminal elements near the pileus margin dispersed, narrowly lageniform, subulate or subcylindrical, apically often attenuated or constricted, occasionally with nodules or lateral branches, often flexuous, (32–)44–62.2–80(–91) × (4.5–)6–8.7–11(–12.5) μm; hyphal terminations near the pileus centre embedded in thick gelatinous matter that does not colour in Congo red, more attenuated, narrower and more nodulose-branched than those near the pileus margin, terminal elements look like ixohyphidia of Flammulina velutipes, measuring (32–)38.5–52.7–67(–92) × (2.5–)3–4.1–5(–5.5) μm. Pileitrama composed of irregularly oriented, branched, loose, intricate hyphae composed of c. 40–120 × 2–25(–30) μm elements, often nodulose. Caulocystidia present and abundant on stipe surface near just under the lamellae, (22–)32–47.3–62.5(–92) × (2.5–)3.6–4.4–5(–6) μm, often fasciculate in dense cluster, repent or ascending, subcylindrical, apically often constricted, occasionally nodulose or with lateral branches, towards apices usually flexuous, thin-walled or with slightly thickened walls, with yellow intracellular pigments and brownish yellow incrustations; caulocystidia completely disappear in lower part of the stipe. Stipititrama of parallel hyphae composed of c. 30–100 × 4–10(–15) μm large elements that are often nodulose, branched or anastomosed, often with thickened walls. Clamp connections present everywhere.

Habit, Habitat & Distribution — Solitary or gregarious, in arid and semi-arid grasslands, associated with Poaceae (Bouteloua dactyloides, B. gracilis, Stipa hymenoides). So far known only from USA, viz. Colorado (based on the presence of basidiomes), New Mexico and Utah (based on environmental sequences).

Typus. USA, Colorado, Weld Co., Great Plains prairies, Pawnee National grassland, N40°39′40″ W104°5′17″, short-grass prairie, cattle pasture, terrestrial on naked sandy soil, among scattered vegetation of Opuntia sp., buffalo grass (Bouteloua dactyloides) and other plants, 19 Oct. 2013, S. Adamčík (holotype SAV F-4052, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH043618 and MH036177, MycoBank MB 825174).

Additional material examined. Leratiomyces laetissimus. Czech Republic, Prague-Spořilov, Chodovská street, 26 Sept. 2012, J. Borovička, PRM860990, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH043619 and MH036178. Leratiomyces squamosus. Czech Republic, Malonty - Bělá, 28 Sept. 2008, O. Jindřich, PRM922211, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH043620 and MH036179. Pholiota squarrosa. Czech Republic, Bílina, Bořeň, 15 Oct. 2013, M. Kříž, PRM923259, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH043621 and MH036180.

Notes — A phylogenetic estimation using Maximum likelihood (ML) on the nrITS sequences revealed that a major clade, here named as the Leratiomyces laetissimus complex, is highlighted within the genus Leratiomyces. This clade encompasses the minor clades 1–3 and the Psilocybe calongei lineage. Clade 1 consists of environmental sequences of an uncultured root-associated (endophyte) fungus of Bouteloua gracilis (USA, New Mexico; Porras-Alfaro et al. 2008); clade 2 of L. tesquorum, two sequences of an uncultured mycorrhizal fungus (endophyte) of Stipa hymenoides (USA, Utah; Hawkes et al. 2006) and several sequences of an uncultured root-associated (endophyte) fungus of Bouteloua gracilis (USA, New Mexico; Porras-Alfaro et al. 2008); clade 3 of L. laetissimus and Leratiomyces sp. SC5F2-1.

For supplementary information see MycoBank.

Colour illustrations. Great Plains prairies, Pawnee National grassland, short-grass dry prairie with Opuntia sp. and Bouteloua dactyloides, where the holotype was collected. Right: Basidiomes; cheilocystidia; basidia and spores (all from holotype). Left: Structure of pileipellis near the pileus margin (a), hyphal terminations in pileipellis near the pileus centre (b) and margin (c); caulocystidia (d), basidiola (e) and basidia (f, all from holotype). Microscopic elements were observed in Congo red. Scale bars = 10 mm (basidiomes), 10 μm (microscopic structures). All photos and drawings by S. Adamčík.

Leratiomyces tesquorum.

Leratiomyces tesquorum

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:298–299.

Fungal Planet 738 – 13 July 2018

Lomentospora valparaisensis E. Álvarez, sp. nov.

Eduardo Álvarez Duarte 1

Etymology. Referring to Valparaiso, where this fungus was collected, Italy Park, Valparaiso, Chile.

Classification — Microascaceae, Microascales, Sordariomycetes.

Hyphae hyaline to pale brown, 1–3 μm wide, thin- to thick-walled, smooth, and septate. Conidiogenous cells of two types: i) solitary, consisting of a single conidiogenous cell disposed laterally on undifferentiated hyphae or in side branches. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, percurrent (annellides), thin- and smooth-walled, cylindrical or slightly broad at the base and with several broad scars at the upper part, 6–40 × 1.5–4 μm, producing conidia singly, or in slimy masses similar in shape and size to the sessile conidia, but with a broader basal scar. This type of conidiogenous cells resembles those observed in Scedosporium apiospermum; ii) aggregated in small brushes, flask-shaped, often bearing a long, inconspicuously annellated zone, inflated at base. This type resembles those observed in Lomentospora prolificans. Morphologically, these strains seem to be intermediate between these previously cited species. Conidia sessile or situated on conidiogenous cells, at first hyaline, later becoming pale brown, thick- and smooth-walled, regularly ellipsoid, rounded at the ends, but with a small flattened area at the base, 5.5–6.5 × 4–5 μm. Synnemata and sexual morph not observed.

Culture characteristics — Colonies on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) attaining 15 mm diam after 14 d at 25 °C, velvety, olivaceous green, reverse blackish. Colonies on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) attaining 12–15 mm diam after 14 d at 25 °C, velvety, olivaceous green; reverse black. Growth observed at 15, 25, 37, 40 and 42 °C, but no growth at 5 and 48 °C.

Typus. Chile, Valparaiso, Italy Park, from soil, 2016, F. Salas (holotype Vlpo164, culture ex-type ChFC-164, ITS and tub2 sequences GenBank MG495075 and MG544878, MycoBank MB824509).

Additional material examined. Chile, Valparaiso, O’Higgins Square, from soil, 2017, E. Álvarez, specimen Vlpo505, culture ChFC-505, ITS and tub2 sequences GenBank MG495076 and MG544879.

Notes — This fungus was isolated from soil samples from parks and squares of Valparaiso. Macroscopically, L. valparaisensis resembles L. prolificans (Hennebert & Desai 1974). Both species have dematiaceous colonies in all media tested. However, L. valparaisensis has green colonies, while L. prolificans exhibits olivaceous grey colonies that become olivaceous green with age. Microscopically, L. valparaisensis presents two types of conidiogenous cells; one of them resembling L. prolificans, and the other type resembles those observed in S. apiospermum. In fact, L. valparaisensis seems to be intermediate between L. prolificans and S. apiospermum.

Based on BLAST search results, the closest hits with ITS sequences was L. prolificans (GenBank KC254095; Identities = 528/528 (100 %), no gaps) and Petriella setifera (GenBank KX449497; Identities = 489/533 (92 %), 14 gaps (2 %)); by using tub2 the closest hits were L. prolificans (GenBank AJ890127; Identities = 470/481 (98 %), 3 gaps (0 %)) and Pseudallescheria africana (GenBank AJ890132; Identities 437/ 484 (90 %); 16 gaps (3 %)).

Our phylogenetic inference, performed using the ITS and tub2 sequences, demonstrated that our fungus represents a new species of the genus Lomentospora, being closely related to L. prolificans. Lomentospora valparaisensis can be distinguished from L. prolificans based on its slow growth at 15 °C compared to that of L. prolificans. They can also be distinguished based on the homogeneous size and shape of the sporangiospores (5.5–6.5 × 4–5 μm) compared with those observed in L. prolificans (3–7 × 2–5 μm). In addition, our strains showed mixed conidiogenous cells: i) those arising from undifferentiated hyphae, cylindrical to somewhat flask-shaped (S. apiospermum group-like); and ii) those flask-shaped, locally aggregated in small brushes (L. prolificans-like). Moreover, L. valparaisensis can be differentiated from Scedosporium spp. by its colony colour on various culture media.

graphic file with name per-40-240-i014.jpg

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Maximum Likelihood tree obtained from the concatenated DNA sequences from two loci (ITS and tub2) of our isolates and sequences retrieved from GenBank database. Tree was built by using PhyML 3.0. Bootstrap support values (≥ 70 %) are given above the branches. Petriellopsis africana CBS 311.72 and Petriella sordida UTHSC 03-394 were used as outgroup. The new species proposed in the present study is indicated in bold face. T = ex-type.

Colour illustrations. Italy Park, Valparaiso; colony after 15 d at 25 °C on PDA; two types of conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Lomentospora valparaisensis.

Lomentospora valparaisensis

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:300–301.

Fungal Planet 739 – 13 July 2018

Marquesius L.B. Conç., R.F. Castañeda & Gusmão, gen. nov.

Lucas B Conceição 1, Luís FP Gusmão 1, Rafael F Castañeda-Ruiz 2

Etymology. Named for Dr Marcos F.O. Marques (in memoriam), recognising his contribution to popularisation of mycology in the northeast of Brazil.

Classification — Incertae sedis, Dothideomycetes.

Colonies on the natural substrate effuse. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed. Conidiophores macro- and mononematous, erect, simple or branched, straight or slightly curved, cylindrical, sometimes with percurrent extension, septate, smooth or rarely verrucose, brown to pale brown, basal cells lobed or sometimes inflated. Conidiogenous cells mono- or polyblastic, denticulate, integrated. Denticles conspicuous, cylindrical, truncate at apex. Conidial secession schizolytic. Conidia acropleurogenous, holoblastic, simple, in acropetal chains, dry, septate, constricted or not at septa, thick-walled, verrucose, brown to pale brown, sometimes with a conspicuous hilum at base.

Type species. Marquesius aquaticus L.B. Conç., R.F. Castañeda & Gusmão.

MycoBank MB823622.

Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:301.

Fungal Planet 739 – 13 July 2018

Marquesius aquaticus L.B. Conç., R.F. Castañeda & Gusmão, sp. nov.

Lucas B Conceição 1, Luís FP Gusmão 1, Rafael F Castañeda-Ruiz 2

Etymology. Name refers to the aquatic habitat, from which this fungus was collected.

Colonies on the natural substrate effuse, sparse, hairy, pale brown. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed, composed of septate, branched, smooth, pale brown hyphae, 2–3 μm wide. Conidiophores macro- and mononematous, erect, simple or rarely with apical branched, straight or slightly curved, cylindrical, sometimes with percurrent extension by regenerative growth unrelated to conidiation, 3–7-septate, thick-walled, smooth, brown to pale brown toward the apex, basal cells lobed or sometimes inflated, 45–202.5 × 3–4.5 μm. Conidiogenous cells mono- or polyblastic, denticulate, determinate or with several, short sympodial extension, integrated, terminal or rarely subterminal, smooth, verruculose to verrucose, where terminal, usually inflated at apex, 11–20 × 3–6 μm, 1.5–3 μm wide at base, where subterminal, cylindrical, 16–18 × 2–3 μm. Denticles predominately at apex of conidiogenous cells, cylindrical, truncate, slightly melanised margin, 0.5–1.5 × 0.5–1 μm. Conidial secession schizolytic. Conidia acropleurogenous, holoblastic, simple, in short acropetal chains (1–2 on natural substrate; 4–5 on culture), dry, 0–1-septate, constrict or not at septa, ellipsoidal to narrowly clavate, thick-walled, verrucose, pale brown, 9–15 × 4–8 μm (on Corn Meal Agar (CMA) ellipsoidal to clavate, 9–14 × 4–6 μm), sometimes with a conspicuous hilum at base.

Culture characteristics — Colonies on CMA with slow development (attaining 25 mm diam in 7 wk at 25 °C), circular, sparse aerial mycelium, raised to umbonate, entire edges, surface with central brown and black margins, reverse black.

Typus. Brazil, Bahia, Pindobaçu, Serra da Fumaça, on submerged decaying twig and leaves of unidentified plant, 26 July 2016, L.B. Conceição (holotype HUEFS-216710, culture ex-type CCLAMIC 153/16, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MG572717 and MG572718, MycoBank MB823623).

Notes — Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Dothideomycetes sp. KO-groupB 2014 (GenBank AB986428.1; Identities = 616/616 (100 %), no gaps), Dothideomycetes sp. genotype 377 isolate FL0753 (GenBank JQ760416.1; Identities = 523/559 (94 %), 7 gaps (1 %)) and Sympodiella acicola strain CBS 487.82 (GenBank KY853530.1; Identities = 563/631 (89 %), 18 gaps (2 %)). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Dothideomycetes sp. KO-groupB 2014 (GenBank AB986428.1; Identities = 555/559 (99 %), no gaps), Dothideomycetes sp. genotype 377 isolate FL0753 (GenBank JQ760416.1; Identities = 458/547 (84 %), 29 gaps (5 %)) and Cylindrosympodium lauri strain CBS 240.95 (GenBank EU035414.1; Identities = 319/366 (87 %), 13 gaps (3 %)). Castanedaea minor (Partridge et al. 2001) represents a monotypic genus and it resembles Marquesius morphologically, although the presence of conspicuous denticles distinguishes it. The conidiogenous cells of Marquesius are more similar to Cylindrosympodium than Sympodiella. Apparently, the OTUs (GenBank AB986428 and JQ760416.1) isolated from Cenococcum ‘black sclerotia’ (Obase et al. 2014), are specimens of the same genus.

Colour illustrations. Serra da Fumaça, Pindobaçu, Brazil; general aspect; conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 5 μm.

Marquesius aquaticus.

Marquesius aquaticus

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:302–303.

Fungal Planet 740 – 13 July 2018

Mastigosporella pigmentata V.P. Abreu & O.L. Pereira, sp. nov.

Vanessa P Abreu 1, Olinto L Pereira 2

Etymology. Refers to the pigmented conidia of the species.

Classification — Harknessiaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes.

Conidiomata immersed, pycnidial, up to 160 μm diam, pale brown on host tissue; wall of 4–6 layers of pale brown to brown textura globulosa to subglobosa. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells pale brown, smooth, ampulliform or doliiform, 4.5–9 × 4–7 μm. Conidia solitary, aseptate, ellipsoid to fusiform, unicellular, pale brown, sometimes slightly darker at the ends, smooth, thick-walled, developing a solitary apical appendage (cellular, type A1 sensu Nag Raj 1993), which is part of the conidial body, developing while still attached to the conidiogenous cell, attenuating into an acutely rounded tip; conidium body 21–33 × 6.5–9.5 μm (excluding appendage); basal hilum truncate, 1.5–2 μm diam, apical appendage developing as continuation of conidium body, containing cytoplasm, 11–28 μm.

Culture characteristics — Colonies on malt extract agar 63 mm diam after 5 d at 25 °C with a photoperiod of 12 h, margins irregular, white aerial mycelium, colonies fertile.

Typus. Brazil, Minas Gerais, Paraopeba, Floresta Nacional de Paraopeba (FLONA-Paraopeba), on leaves of Qualea parviflora (Vochysiaceae), 31 Jan. 2016, V. P. Abreu & O.L. Pereira (holotype VIC 44383, culture ex-type COAD 2370; ITS, LSU and tef1 sequences GenBank MG587929, MG587928 and MH020056, MycoBank MB823670).

Notes — Species of the coelomycete genus Mastigosporella are characterised by yellowish brown to dark brown pycnidial conidiomata and hyaline conidiogenous cells with enteroblastic-percurrent proliferation to produce additional narrowly ellipsoid to fusiform conidia bearing an appendage of type A1 (appendage initially arising as a tubular extension of the conidium body) (Nag Raj 1993). Presently, the genus Mastigosporella is known from three species, M. hyalina, M. anisophylleae and M. georgiana (Nag Raj 1993, Crous et al. 2013, Rossman et al. 2015, Senanayake et al. 2017). Only one species of Mastigosporella (M. anisophylleae) is known from culture and DNA sequence data (Crous et al. 2013, Senanayake et al. 2017). Mastigosporella pigmentata clearly differs from M. hyalina, M. anisophylleae and M. georgiana by having pale brown conidia and conidiogenous cells. Mastigosporella pigmentata presents larger and wider conidia than M. hyalina and M. georgiana. Mastigosporella pigmentata has conidia similar in length to M. anisophylleae, but distinguishable from it by being wider. In addition, the conidia of M. pigmentata presents apical appendages longer than M. anisophylleae and M. hyalina. Members of this genus were reported from the USA and Zambia on leaves of Quercus coccinea; on leaves and petioles of Nyssa biflora and Nyssa sylvatica and on Anisophyllea sp. (Nag Raj 1993, Crous et al. 2013, Senanayake et al. 2017). To our knowledge this is the first report of the occurrence of the genus Mastigosporella in Brazil. Phylogenetic analysis and morphological comparisons support the introduction of M. pigmentata as a new species within this genus.

ITS. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence are Mastigosporella anisophylleae (GenBank NR_137844; Identities = 508/568 (89 %), 16 gaps (2 %)), Harknessia communis (GenBank KY979780; Identities = 517/580 (89 %), 23 gaps (3 %)) and Harknessia eucalyptorum (GenBank AY720747; Identities = 501/564 (89 %), 23 gaps (4 %)).

LSU. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Harknessia lythri (GenBank AF408364; Identities = 809/815 (99 %), no gaps), Cryphonectria decipiens (GenBank JQ862750; Identities = 807/815 (99 %), no gaps) and Latruncellus aurorae (GenBank NG_042572; Identities = 807/815 (99 %), no gaps).

tef1. On a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, no significant hits were obtained.

Morphological characteristics (in μm) of Mastigosporella spp.

Species Conidia Conidiogenous cells Apical appendage References
Mastigosporella anisophylleae (21–)27–30(–32) × (4.5–)5–5.5(–6) 5–12 × 3–5 (5–)6–7(–8) Crous et al. (2013)
Mastigosporella georgiana 16–25 × 5–7 5–10 × 2.5–6 12–26 × 1 Nag Raj (1993), Rossman et al. (2015)
Mastigosporella hyalina 18–28 × 3.5–5 7–11 × 3–4(–5) 5–10(–12) Nag Raj (1993)
Mastigosporella pigmentata 21–33 × 6.5–9.5 4.5–9 × 4–7 11–28 This study
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Colour illustrations. Leaf spot symptoms on Qualea parviflora (Vochysiaceae) in Floresta Nacional de Paraopeba, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil; vertical section of conidiomata; conidiogenous cell with developing pigmented conidia; mature pale brown conidia with apical appendages; colony on MEA after 5 d at 25 °C. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Mastigosporella pigmentata.

Mastigosporella pigmentata

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:304–305.

Fungal Planet 741 – 13 July 2018

Matsushimaea monilioides Iturrieta-González, Dania García & Gené, sp. nov.

Isabel Iturrieta-González 1, Josepa Gené 1, Dania García 1, Josep Guarro 1

Etymology. Name refers to the moniliform filaments in conidia.

Classification — Sympoventuriaceae, Venturiales, Dothideomycetes.

Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, olive, smooth-walled, 1–2 μm diam hyphae, frequently forming hyphal coils, occasionally with irregular swellings not constricted at the septa. Conidiophores micronematous, often reduced to conidiogenous cells with conidia arising directly on hyphae. Conidiogenous cells integrated, mono- or polyblastic, intercalary or terminal, elongated, 7–14.5 × 2–4 μm, pale brown, smooth-walled. Conidia solitary, sessile or on short protrusions, irregularly shaped, composed of a basal cell from which arise acropetal chains of cells, giving place to moniliform, septate, often branched filaments, up to 46 μm long and 2–4.5 μm wide, remaining attached at maturity; cells globose, subglobose, ellipsoidal to somewhat pyriform, 2.5–5.5 × 2–4.5 μm, brown, smooth-walled. Sexual morph not observed.

Culture characteristics — Colonies on PDA reaching up to 13 mm diam after 14 d at 25 °C, yellowish brown, velvety, flat, aerial mycelium scarce, margin entire; reverse dark brown. On OA up to 14 mm diam after 14 d at 25 °C, dark brown, dusty, flat; reverse dark brown. No growth at 37 °C.

Typus. Spain, Catalonia, Tarragona, Parc Samà, garden soil, Feb. 2017, J. Gené & I. Iturrieta-González (holotype CBS H-23392; cultures ex-type FMR 16505 = CBS 143867, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank LT883468 and LT883469, MycoBank MB823930).

Notes — The genus Matsushimaea was erected by Subramanian (1977) to accommodate Torula fasciculata, a fungus described by Matsushima (1975) and characterised by the production of sessile branched conidia arising directly from vegetative hyphae. In addition to the type, M. fasciculata, the genus currently includes two other species, M. fertilis (Castañeda-Ruiz et al. 1996) and M. magna (Matsushima 1996). The three species were found on leaf litter from Japan, Cuba and South Africa, respectively. Considering the lack of molecular data for Matsushimaea and that only for M. fertilis ex-type cultures were available for comparison, we selected a reference strain of M. fasciculata (CBS 167.97), which morphological features fit with those of the protologue of the species, in order to elucidate the phylogenetic position of the genus among ascomycetes and determine its relationships with our fungus. A phylogenetic analysis with the rDNA operon (ITS and LSU) placed the CBS strain of M. fasciculate in the family Sympoventuriaceae and it was closely related to our strain. However, both strains showed genetic differences (99 % similar with LSU, 86 % with ITS) enough to be considered distinct species.

Matsushimaea monilioides morphologically resembled M. fertilis. However, a megablast search with ITS and LSU sequences of the ex-type strain (INFAT C93/204 = IMI 358617) of this latter species showed it was related to the genus Cladophialophora (Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriales), being highly similar to the sequences of the ex-type of C. boppii (CBS 126.86; LSU 100 % similar with GenBank FJ358233 and ITS 98 % similar with GenBank NR_131297). Therefore, M. fertilis was excluded in the present phylogenetic analysis.

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using LSU sequence of M. monilioides with other sympoventuriaceous species were Fusicladium sicillianum (CBS 105.85; GenBank FN398150.1) with a similarity of 95 % (531/557) and Fusicladium rhodense (CBS 121641; GenBank EU035440.1) also 95 % (812/855) similar. The closest hits using the ITS sequence were F. rhodense (CBS 121641; GenBank EU035440.1) and F. sicillianum (CBS 105.85; GenBank FN549914.1) with a similarity of 86 % (402/470) and 85 % (390/459), respectively.

Matsushimaea fasciculata and M. magna morphologically differ from our fungus in conidial morphology; while the conidia of the former are more regularly shaped, obconical to cupulate and measure 30–45 μm long (Matsushima 1975), those of M. magna are larger, up to 100 μm long (Matsushima 1996).

graphic file with name per-40-240-i015.jpg

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Maximum likelihood tree inferred with MEGA v. 6 software (Tamura et al. 2013) from the analysis of ITS sequences of Sympoventuriaceae and Venturiaceae families. Bootstrap support values above 70 % are indicated on the nodes. The alignment included 665 bp and was performed with ClustalW implemented in MEGA. Tamura 3-parameter with Gamma distribution and Invariant sites (G+I) was used as the best nucleotide substitution model. The new species proposed in this study is indicated in bold face in the green box. A superscript T denotes ex-type cultures.

Colour illustrations. Parc Samà, Tarragona, Spain; colony sporulating on OA and conidia after 14 d at 25 °C. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Matsushimaea monilioides.

Matsushimaea monilioides

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:306–307.

Fungal Planet 742 – 13 July 2018

Mucor souzae C.A. de Souza, D.X. Lima & A.L. Santiago, sp. nov.

Carlos AF de Souza 1, Thalline R Leite Cordeiro 1, Diogo X Lima 1, Rafael JV de Oliveira 1, André Luiz CM de A Santiago 1

Etymology. The specific epithet honours Dr José Ivanildo de Souza, for his many contributions to our knowledge of mucoralean fungi in Brazil.

Classification — Mucoraceae, Mucorales, Mucoromycota.

Mycelium presents dilated rhizoid-like hyphae with yellow contents as well as randomly distributed globose, subglobose and doliiform swellings, 12.5–22 μm diam. Odour acid, strong and unpleasant. Sporangiophores arising from aerial mycelia, simple or repeatedly sympodially branched, with long or short branches, erect, some slightly curved, smooth-walled, hyaline, (3–)5–11(–12.5) μm diam. Distance between sporangium and the next lateral branch is sometimes reduced, so that the sporangia appear to be sessile. One or two septa may be formed below the sporangia, mainly in those with short branches. Sporangia first yellow then becoming yellow to pale brown, globose, subglobose, 30–50 μm diam, subsmooth to very shortly echinulate; wall evanescent, some leaving small collars. Columellae hyaline to pale grey, smooth-walled, globose, subglobose, 15–35 μm diam or applanate, 12–25 × 15–25 μm, some with an evident collar. Sporangiospores variable in shape and size, hyaline, smooth-walled, mostly ellipsoid, (6–)7.5–20 × 4.5–7(–10) μm, some ellipsoid to fusoid, 2.5–7.5 × 1.5–2.5 μm, reniform, 6–15 × 3.5–7.5 μm, and some bizarre in shape, 7.5–22 × 5–10 μm. Oidia often observed. Zygosporangia not observed.

Culture characteristics and cardinal temperatures for growth — Colonies firstly white then turning yellow due to the presence of numerous cytoplasmic oil droplets, silken-like, low and exhibiting fast growth (9 cm diam and 0.5 cm in height) after 3 d on MEA at 25 °C. Reverse yellowish with irregular margins. On MEA: At 10 °C lack of growth and sporulation. At 12 °C limited growth, reaching 3.1 cm diam after 96 h; poor sporulation. At 15 °C slow growth, reaching 4.5 cm diam after 120 h; poor sporulation. At 20 °C good growth (7.5 cm diam in 96 h); excellent sporulation. Mostly sporangiophores with simple branches. At 25 °C better growth (9 cm diam in 72 h); excellent sporulation. At 30 °C good growth (7 cm diam in 72 h); good sporulation. At 35 °C limited growth (0.8 mm diam after 96 h); poor sporulation. At 40 °C growth and sporulation lacking. The growth of M. souzae on PDA was slightly slower than on MEA at all the temperatures tested.

Typus. Brazil, Triunfo municipality, Pernambuco state, S7°52′29.42″ W38°06′12.07″, isolated from soil samples, 6 Nov. 2015, C.A.F de Souza (holotype URM 91186, culture ex-type URM 7553, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank KY992878 and KY992879, MycoBank MB824580).

Notes — Based on phylogenetic relationships inferred from LSU and ITS nrDNA loci and morphophysiological analysis, M. souzae differs from the other accepted species of the genus. Mucor souzae produces sporangiophores arising from aerial mycelia, simple or repeatedly sympodially branched, with long or short branches and sporangiospores that are variable in shape and size. One or two septa may sometimes be formed below the sporangia. In the LSU tree (data not shown), M. souzae was nested in a subclade close to M. hiemalis, M. merdicola and M. irregularis. Mucor hiemalis is characterised as producing tall sporangiophores that are slightly sympodially branched as well as ellipsoidal columellae with a truncate base, differing from those observed in M. souzae, which presents simple or repeatedly sympodially branched sporangiophores, and globose, subglobose or applanate columellae. In contrast to M. souzae, M. irregularis produces ellipsoidal, cylindrical and pyriform columellae, and rhizoids, which are absent in M. souzae. The production of ellipsoid and ellipsoid to fusiform sporangiospores is very common in both M. souzae and M. merdicola. However, the former is distinguished from M. merdicola by the production of larger and bizarre shape of its sporangiospores, 7.5–22 × 5–10 μm, in contrast with those observed in M. merdicola, which are ellipsoid to fusiform, ellipsoid or subglobose. The ITS tree showed the new species formed a separate clade between M. nidicola and M. irregularis. At first, M. souzae may be morphologically confused with M. nidicola (Madden et al. 2012), as the colour and height of colonies of both can be similar. However, the branching pattern of the sporangiophores of M. nidicola reported by Madden et al. (2012), which are simple or 1–2 branched, does not correspond to that observed here. Additionally, M. souzae exhibits subsmooth to very shortly echinulate, globose or subglobose sporangia, 30–50 μm diam, whereas M. nidicola sporangia are globose, 30–70 μm diam, and smooth-walled to warty. Both ITS and LSU nrDNA sequences of M. souzae revealed a close genetic relationship to the M. hiemalis group, although it presents a sporangiophore branching pattern different from those described by Schipper (1973) for this group, in which species are characterised as producing tall and weakly sympodially branched sporangiophores. According to Madden et al. (2012), the morphological differences among species within the M. hiemalis group are not obvious, although differences between M. irregularis and M. merdicola were supported (Álvarez et al. 2011).

Legend and tree are in MycoBank.

Colour illustrations. Fragment of an Upland Atlantic Forest within the semi-arid region in Triunfo municipality, Pernambuco state of Northeast Brazil; colony surface on MEA; simple sporangiophore with sporangium; simple sporangiophore with columellae; sympodially branched sporangiophores with columella; sporangiospores and oidia. Scale bars = 25 μm.

Mucor souzae.

Mucor souzae

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:308–309.

Fungal Planet 743 – 13 July 2018

Mycocalia aquaphila R. Cruz, L.T. Carmo, M.P. Martín, Gusmão & Baseia, sp. nov.

Rhudson HSF Cruz 1, Iuri G Baseia 1, María P Martín 2, Luis FP Gusmão 3, Luana T Carmo 3

Etymology. Named in reference to the submerged substrate where it was found growing, on decaying wood coming from the tidal detritus.

Classification — Nidulariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.

Basidiomata globose to subglobose, 1.1–1.5 mm height × 1.4–2.2 mm width, covered by a thin whitish peridium when young. Peridioles dark brown (7F3; Kornerup & Wanscher 1978), 0.5–0.7 × 0.5–0.6 mm, angular, circular or irregular in shape, with smooth to slightly rugose surface, 0.1–0.2 mm thick. Cortex 1-layered, reticulate with brownish hyphal branches, main branch 6–9.5 μm thick, secondary branches 4–6 μm thick, tertiary branches 2.5–4.5 μm thick, quaternary branches 1.5–2 μm thick, gleba dark greyish brown, and intermediate layer spongy, bronze. Basidiospores smooth, hyaline, (6.5–)7.5–10.5 × 4–5.5 μm (L = 8.8 μm; W = 4.9 μm; n = 30 spores), ellipsoid to cylindrical, rarely slightly ellipsoid (Q = (1.30–)1.54–2.26), elongated on average (Qm = 1.82), apicule absent and spore wall 0.5–1 μm thick.

Typus. Brazil, Pará, Belém, Mosqueiro Island, Marahú Beach, S01°04′24.4″ W48°24′00.4″, solitaire to gregarious on decaying wood from tidal detritus, 7 Apr. 2017, L.T. Carmo (holotype UFRN-Fungos 2944, isotype HUEFS 234860, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MG836281 and MG836282, MycoBank 823882).

Additional material examined. HUEFS 234861.

Notes — Among the bird’s nest fungi, Mycocalia is one of the genera least reported by researchers (Brodie 1975), and much of it is due to the fact that their species had been described as Nidularia until the proposition of Mycocalia by Palmer (1961). All new species identifications, five in total, excluding synonyms, occurred in the first half of the 1960s, and no new species had been proposed since Mycocalia sphagneti (Cejp & Palmer 1963). Together with M. denudata and M. reticulata, the new species M. aquaphila is one of the few taxa of the genus reported for South America, and the first described and recorded exclusively in Brazil. The new species shows a basidiome covered by a thin and whitish peridium during the initial development; dark brown peridioles, single layered cortex in a reticulated pattern; and hyaline, ellipsoid to cylindrical spores, 7.5–10.5 × 4–5.5 μm. Comparing it with the species that occur in South America, M. denudata differs from the new species in the presence of an ephemeral yellowish white peridium (thin but almost persistent, and white in young basidiomata of M. aquaphila), peridioles connected in a hyaline gelatinous mass, provided with double layered cortex (single layered in M. aquaphila), besides the 7.5 × 5 μm spores. The species M. reticulata presents the same reticular pattern of cortex as M. aquaphila, but differs in the yellowish brown to pale brown peridiole, thick spore wall (without values defined in the literature), and the main reticulum hyphae branch up to 20 μm in thickness (6–9.5 μm in M. aquaphila). A species of the genus that grows in submerged substrates is M. minutissima, recorded on submerged leaves of Juncus effuses, but M. minutissima is distinguished from other Mycocalia species by having a double layered cortex and smaller spores (6 × 4 μm). However, Brodie (1975) considered that it may represent an aberrant uniperidiolar variation of some multiperidiolar species, probably M. denudata. From the other species of Mycocalia, M. aquaphila is distinguished by the following characteristics (Brodie 1975): M. duriaeana presents dark blood-red to black peridioles, 0.3 mm diam, and spores of 7 × 5.5 μm; M. sphagneti shows a white peridium, initially woolly and later smooth, cortex in labyrinthiform pattern, and pale yellowish brown spores, 13 × 5.5 μm, presenting small droplets of oil inside the spores.

The species with legitimated names in MycoBank, M. arundinaceae (MycoBank MB334666) and M. fusispora (MycoBank MB334669) were not compared because, according to Cejp & Palmer (1963), they were synonymised under the name M. denudata.

Mycocalia aquaphila is the first species of this genus proposed since the 1960s. The ITS sequence obtained in this study has 93 % similarity to the only ITS Mycocalia sequence available in GenBank (DQ911596 under M. denudata). Moreover, as mentioned above, morphological characters are enough to separate M. aquaphila from the already known species.

Colour illustrations. Brazil, environment near the locality where the type species was collected on Marahú Beach, Mosqueiro Island; young basidiomata covered by a thin whitish peridium (scale bar = 1 mm); upper view of isolated peridioles (scale bar = 1 mm); spores (scale bar = 10 μm); reticulated cortex, showing the main branch (mb), secondary branches (sb), tertiary branches (tb) and quaternary branches (qb) (scale bar = 20 μm) (all: UFRN-Fungos 2944, holotype).

Mycocalia aquaphila.

Mycocalia aquaphila

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:310–311.

Fungal Planet 744 – 13 July 2018

Pleuromyces Dima, P.-A. Moreau & V. Papp, gen. nov.

Bálint Dima 1, Pierre-Arthur Moreau 2, Viktor Papp 3

Etymology. Pleuromyces is a compound name, reflecting the morphological similarity to Pleuroflammula and Phaeomyces.

Classification — Tubariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.

Basidiomata pleurotoid with short central to eccentric stipe; pileus small size (> 1 cm), yellowish brown, fibrillose, not hygrophanus. Lamellae ventricose, yellowish to rusty brown. Spores yellowish brown, ovate to ellipsoid, thick-walled, smooth. Basidia 2- or 4-spored. Cheilocystidia slender or heteromorphous, not encrusted, thin-walled, hyalin. Pileipellis a thin trichocutis with coarsely incrusted slender hyphae, inflate at septa. Wood-inhabiting, saprobic.

Type species. Pleuromyces hungaricus V. Papp, Dima & P.-A. Moreau.

MycoBank MB824585.

Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:311.

Fungal Planet 744 – 13 July 2018

Pleuromyces hungaricus V. Papp, Dima & P.-A. Moreau, sp. nov.

Bálint Dima 1, Pierre-Arthur Moreau 2, Viktor Papp 3

Etymology. Name reflects the country (Hungary) where the species was collected.

Basidiocarp pleurotoid, pileus 5–8 mm diam, flabelliform, yellowish brown, densely covered with fibrillose squamules, turning ferruginous with age, dry, not hygrophanous. Lamellae ventricose, yellowish when young, rusty brown on dry specimens, edge serrulate, slightly darker. Stipe short, up to 1.5 × 3 mm, eccentric or lateral, concolorous with pileus or darker, flocculose-fibrillose, dry, solitary. Context yellow brown, spore deposit not noted. Basidiospores in side view (6.5–)7(–7.5) × (4–)4.5(–5) μm, Q = 1.4–1.8, mean 7.19 × 4.5 μm, Q = 1.6 (n = 30), ovoid to ellipsoid, somewhat amygdaliform in side view, smooth, thick-walled, yellowish brown, often with one or two guttules, apex usually blunt and subpored. Basidia 23–26 × 5–6 μm (excluding sterigma), subclavate, 2- or 4-spored. Cheilocystidia abundant, in clusters on lamella edge, variable in shape (heteromorphous, from slender fusiform to ± lageniform), not incrusted, thin-walled, hyaline, up to 85 μm long. Pleurocystidia not observed. Hymenophoral trama regular, made of slender hyphae 2–4.5 μm wide, pale, mostly smooth. Pileipellis a thin adpressed trichocutis made of 1–2 layers of hyphae 2.5–5.5 μm wide, coarsely incrusted, with cylindrical elements 35–60 μm long, mostly filled with oily droplets, terminal element usually rounded to slightly inflated at apex, thick-walled and smooth at apex. Pileitrama made of cylindrical hyphae 2–4 μm wide, pale, smooth or incrustate-zebrate, sometimes thickened and darker at septa. Clamp connections present at all septa.

Habitat — On large Fagus sylvatica log, in a lowland old-growth beech forest (Vértes Mts, Hungary). So far only known from the type locality.

Typus. Hungary, Fejér County, near Csákberény (Vértes Mts), Juhdöglö-völgy Forest Reserve, N47°22.662′ E18°19.485′, 28 Oct. 2013. V. Papp (holotype LIP0001404, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH036002 and MH036003, MycoBank MB824586).

Notes — Based on a BLAST search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide databases, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Romagnesiella clavus (as Pachylepyrium sp., GenBank HQ832461; Identities = 1 333/1 361 (98 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), Phaeomarasmius fulvidulus (GenBank KF830080; Identities = 1 330/1 361 (98 %), 5 gaps (0 %)), Agrocybe pediades (GenBank DQ110872; Identities = 1 339/1 372 (98 %), 4 gaps (0 %)) and Galerina sp. (GenBank HQ827183; Identities = 1 341/1 374 (98 %), 8 gaps (0 %)). The closest hit by BLAST using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to an ‘uncultured fungus’ which was sequenced from soil in Illinois, USA (GenBank KX195359); the ITS2 of this environmental sample is very similar to Pleuromyces hungaricus (Identities = 323/327 (99 %), 2 gaps (0 %)). The second closest hit using the ITS sequence is Tubaria sp. (GenBank KY462443; Identities = 475/556 (85 %), 29 gaps (5 %)), with low query cover (85 %). Based on a discontinuous megablast search the closest hits by best query cover (100 %) are Flammulaster cf. carpophilus (as Phaeomyces dubiosus, unconfirmed, P.-A. Moreau unpubl. data; GenBank KF830099; Identities = 543/644 (84 %), 42 gaps (6 %)) and Crassisporium carbonicola (as Pachylepyrium carbonicola; GenBank LN714579; Identities = 541/645 (84 %), 39 gaps (6 %)). Pleuromyces hungaricus forms a distinct clade in our phylograms, well separated from other genera of Tubariaceae. Microscopical observations (spores smooth, thick-walled and subpored; pileipellis with coarsely incrusted hyphae) suggest closest affinities with species of Phaeomarasmius and Flammulaster pp. (F. muricatus/F. limulatus), but the weak differentiation of the pileipellis is a distinctive feature for species of these genera. The holotype of Phaeomyces dubiosus was not available for revision but its description shows strong affinities with P. hungaricus; however, distant lamellae and the pileipellis with branching and erected terminal hyphae suggest that it represents a distinct species of still unclear systematic position.

Colour illustrations. Juhdöglő-völgy Forest Reserve (Vértes Mts, Hungary), substrate of the type material; basidiocarp; cheilocystidia and spores (all from holotype). Scale bars = 5 mm (basidiocarp), 10 μm (elements of hymenium).

Pleuromyces hungaricus.

Pleuromyces hungaricus

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:312–313.

Fungal Planet 745 – 13 July 2018

Preussia citrullina R.M.F. Silva, R.J.V. Oliveira, Souza-Motta, J.L. Bezerra & G.A. Silva, sp. nov.

Rejane MF da Silva 1, Rafael JV de Oliveira 1, Cristina M Souza-Motta 1, José L Bezerra 1, Gladstone A da Silva 1

Etymology. The name refers to the host plant, Citrullus lanatus.

Classification — Sporormiaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.

Conidiomata pycnidial on juice agar medium (V8), first immersed then erumpent, brown, glabrous, solitary or aggregated, globose to subglobose, ostiolate, 75–150 × 50–125 μm; walls of 2–3 layers of medium brown cells of textura angularis. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform to doliiform, 6.5–9.5 × 5 μm. Conidia ellipsoid to oblong, hyaline, aseptate, sometimes guttulate, 2–3 × 2 μm.

Culture characteristics — Colonies after 7 d at 23 °C on V8, 20 mm diam, irregular margin, cottony, surface greyish, reverse olivaceous buff. Colonies on MEA, 20 mm diam, sterile, irregular margin, sulphur yellow surface, reverse straw coloured. Colonies on OA, 20 mm diam, sterile, regular margin, floccose, surface sulphur yellow, reverse straw coloured. Colonies on PDA, 18 mm diam, sterile, surface sulphur yellow, reverse straw coloured.

Typus. Brazil, Petrolândia municipality, Pernambuco state, isolated as endophyte from leaves of Citrullus lanatus (Cucurbitaceae), 25 July 2016, R.M.F. Silva (holotype URM 91190, culture ex-type URM 7865, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH208971 and MH208972, MycoBank MB825032).

Notes — The genus Preussia was established by Fuckel (1867). Members of this genus are predominantly coprophilous, although a few species have been isolated from soil, wood, plant debris and as endophytes (Mapperson et al. 2014, Gonzalez-Menendez et al. 2017). Based on morphological analysis and phylogenetic relationships using ITS rDNA sequences, the new species, P. citrullina, differs from other species of Preussia based on its phoma-like asexual morph. The asexual morphs of Sporormiaceae genera, when found, are phoma-like in morphology (Von Arx & Storm 1967, Cannon & Kirk 2007). Based on ITS, Preussia citrullina is 93 % similar to Sporormiella megalospora (GenBank GQ203785) and P. terricola (CBS 317.65, GenBank GQ203765), amongst others. The LSU sequence is 98 % similar to P. terricola (CBS 317.65, GenBank GQ203725) and 97 % to Sporormiella megalospora (GenBank GQ203743). In the present phylogenetic analyses, P. citrullina is closest to P. terricola and Sporormiella megalospora.

graphic file with name per-40-240-i016.jpg

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Bayesian inference tree using ITS rDNA sequences of Preussia and related genera. The new species is in bold face. Support values of at least 50 % are shown at the nodes. Pleospora herbarum (ATCC 11681, GenBank AF229479) was used as outgroup. Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood (ML) analyses were performed in MrBayes (Ronquist & Huelsenbeck 2003) and PhyML (Guindon & Gascuel 2003), respectively, launched from Topali (Milne et al. 2004).

Colour illustrations. Watermelons for sale, Pernambuco, Brazil; pycnidial conidiomata; conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Preussia citrullina.

Preussia citrullina

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:314–315.

Fungal Planet 746 – 13 July 2018

Queiroziella C.R. Félix, J.D.P. Bezerra, R.P. Neves & Landell, gen. nov.

Ciro R Félix 1, Melissa F Landell 1, Patricia Valente 2, Jadson DP Bezerra 3, Rejane P Neves 3

Etymology. Named for Luzinete Acioli de Queiroz, in acknowledgement for her contributions to the study of yeasts in the former Institute of Mycology of the University of Recife, Brazil.

Classification — Incertae sedis, Cystobasidiomycetes, Pucciniomycotina, Basidiomycota.

Pseudohyphae and true hyphae not formed. Sexual reproduction not observed. Ballistoconidial production absent. Colonies are pink to salmon, smooth, butyrous to mucoid and glistening. Budding cells present. Fermentation not observed.

Type species. Queiroziella brasiliensis C.R. Félix, P. Valente & Landell.

MycoBank MB822321.

Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:315.

Fungal Planet 746 – 13 July 2018

Queiroziella brasiliensis C.R. Félix, P. Valente & Landell, sp. nov.

Ciro R Félix 1, Melissa F Landell 1, Patricia Valente 2, Jadson DP Bezerra 3, Rejane P Neves 3

Etymology. Name refers to the country, Brazil, where this yeast was isolated.

On YEPD agar after 3 d at 22–25 °C, cells are globose to oval (4–6 × 3–4 μm) , and the colonies are pink to salmon, smooth, butyrous to mucoid and glistening. Vegetative reproduction is by single budding. After 3 wk in Dalmau plate culture on cornmeal agar, pseudohyphae or true hyphae are not formed. Sexual reproduction is not observed. Ballistoconidia production is absent. Fermentation ability is negative. The following carbon compounds are assimilated: N-Acetylglucosamine, D-arabinose, erythritol, galactose, D-mannitol, raffinose, soluble starch, sorbitol, inulin (slow), D-glucose (slow), DL-lactate (slow), melezitose (slow), melibiose (slow), D-ribose (slow), D-trehalose (slow), tween 80 (slow), xylitol (slow), cellobiose (variable), glycerol (variable), lactose (variable), D-maltose (variable), sodium gluconate (variable), sucrose (variable) and tween 20 (variable). No assimilation of L-arabinose, galacturonate, myo-inositol, L-arabinitol, L-rhamnose, xylose, succinate, galactitol, citrate and salicin. Assimilation of nitrogen compound L-lysine is variable and no assimilation of potassium nitrate, sodium nitrite, ethylamine and cadaverine. Growth at 22, 25 and 30 °C and no growth was observed at 35 °C. Growth is not observed on YPD with 50 % glucose. No growth in the presence of 10 % sodium chloride. After 21 d, growth is observed in the presence of 0.01 % and 0.1 % cycloheximide. Urease activity and diazonium blue B reaction are positive.

Typus. Brazil, União dos Palmares municipality, Alagoas state, Serra da Barriga, S09°10′11″ W36°05′19″, as epiphytic yeast on leaves of Portea leptantha (Bromeliaceae), 31 July 2013, C.R. Félix & M.F. Landell (holotype as metabolically inactive culture, CBS 14582 = UFMG-CM-Y6102 = BSB 15, ITS, LSU and rpb2 sequences GenBank KY305143, KX348021 and MH187958, MycoBank MB824924).

Additional material examined. Brazil, Viamão municipality, Rio Grande do Sul state, Parque de Itapuã, S30°21′19″ W51°01′57″, as epiphytic yeast on leaves of Tillandsia geminiflora (Bromeliaceae), 5 Apr. 2004, P. Valente & M.F. Landell, cultures CBS 11152 = MYA-4544 = BI 02, ITS, LSU and rpb2 sequences GenBank MH244424, EU200783 and MH187959; on Vriesea gigantea (Bromeliaceae), 25 May 2007, P. Valente & M.F. Landell, cultures CBS 11151 = MYA-4543 = BI 327, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH244425 and GU566018.

Notes — The new genus Queiroziella is proposed based on a phylogenetic analysis and physiological and biochemical features. Phylogenetic inferences of LSU (D1/D2 domain) and ITS rDNA and rpb2 sequences of Queiroziella placed the new genus in a single clade with high support values related to Sakaguchia, Cystobasidium and Occultifur. According to the BLASTn searches (9 Apr. 2018) the LSU rDNA sequences have low identity (93 %) to sequences deposited as Cystobasidium spp. (e.g., GenBank FJ515245), Buckleyzyma armeniaca (GenBank AF189920), Symmetrospora spp. (e.g., GenBank AF189984) and Occultifur sp. (GenBank KC698874), amongst others. The ITS rDNA sequences have low identity (90–91 %) to some sequences deposited as Occultifur sp. (e.g., GenBank KC698874) and Cystobasidium spp. (e.g., C. minutum, CBS 2177, GenBank AF190010). The rpb2 sequences have low identity (77–78 %) to sequences deposited as Cystobasidium spp. (e.g., GenBank KJ708214), Sakaguchia spp. (e.g., GenBank KJ708346.1), Microsporomyces bloemfonteinensis (e.g., GenBank KJ708215), amongst others. Queiroziella brasiliensis differs physiologically and biochemically from Sakaguchia species by inulin assimilation, from Cystobasidium species by assimilation of melibiose and from Occultifur species by assimilation of soluble starch and raffinose (Libkind et al. 2010, Fell et al. 2011, Kurtzman et al. 2011, Laich et al. 2013, Wang et al. 2015, Yurkov et al. 2015).

Legend and tree are in MycoBank.

Colour illustrations. Bromeliad Tillandsia sp. in the Serra da Barriga, União dos Palmares, Alagoas, Brazil (photo credit H.M.N. Casanova); microscopy showing the yeast microstructures and colonial macromorphology. Scale bar = 10 μm.

Queiroziella brasiliensis.

Queiroziella brasiliensis

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:316–317.

Fungal Planet 747 – 13 July 2018

Quixadomyces Cantillo & Gusmão, gen. nov.

Taimy Cantillo 1, Luis FP Gusmão 1

Etymology. Named refers to Quixadá, the locality where the fungus was collected.

Classification — Parapyrenochaetaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.

On natural substrate: Mycelium superficial or somewhat immersed in the substrate, composed of warty, sinuous, criss-crossed or stringing, verrucose or verruculose, brown, septate hyphae. Stroma composed of tightly clustered and fused hyphae. Conidiophores absent. Conidiogenous cells absent. Propagules rising up directly from interwoven hyphal strands, often globose to subglobose, ovoid to pyriform during development, but may become, ellipsoid-fusoid to obclavate, wall consisting on anastomosed brown to dark olivaceous brown hyphae, textura epidermoidea similis, with some peripheral hyphae around propagule body, smooth or warty, approached at the tip.

Type species. Quixadomyces cearensis Cantillo & Gusmão.

MycoBank MB824358.

Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:317.

Fungal Planet 747 – 13 July 2018

Quixadomyces cearensis Cantillo & Gusmão, sp. nov.

Taimy Cantillo 1, Luis FP Gusmão 1

Etymology. Name refers to the state (Ceará), where this taxon was collected.

On natural substrate: Mycelium superficial or somewhat immersed in substrate, warty, sinuous, criss-crossed or stringing, verrucose or verruculose, brown to dark brown, septate, hyphae 3–5 μm diam. Conidiophores absent. Conidiogenous cells absent. Propagules rising up directly from interwoven hyphal strands, globose at first, ellipsoid to ovoid when mature, 82.5–150 × 45–85 μm, wall consisting of anastomosed brown to dark olivaceous brown hyphae, textura epidermoidea similis, with thick-walled peripheral hyphae around the propagule body, 12–18 × 3–5 μm width, smooth or warty, approached at the tip.

Culture characteristics — Colonies on PDA fast-growing, attaining 60 mm in 7 d, immersed mycelium dark olivaceous to black, somatic hyphae verrucose or verruculose, 3–5 μm diam, aerial mycelium coarse due to the abundant sporulation occurring from the third day. In culture, propagules are bigger (85–300 μm long) and frequently fused.

Typus. Brazil, Ceará, Quixadá, near of ‘Açude do Cedro’, S04°58′ W39°, on decaying bark, 28 Apr. 2016, T. Cantillo (holotype HUEFS 238438, isotype HUEFS 238439, ex-type culture LAMIC103-16, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MG970694 and MG970695, MycoBank MB824398).

Notes — This fungus somewhat resembles setose pycnidia common in some species of Pleosporales, but no internal structures were observed in any stage of development. In appearance, this fungus also resembles Akenomyces (Hornby 1984). Akenomyces is characterised by black elliptical-lenticular sclerotia, with pale warty marginal hyphae, brown, consisting of a complex three-layer hyphal structure and, inside the cortex, a tightly interwoven mass of hyaline, thin-walled, much branched hyphae (Voglmayr & Krisai-Greilhuber 1997) a feature that is not present in Quixadomyces. Furthermore, the presence of clamp connexions is evidence that Akenomyces belongs to the phylum Basidiomycota and clearly separates it from Quixadomyces, which belongs to Ascomycota. Another morphologically similar genus with ovoid to obclavate propagules, Megacapitula also has mycelium often being verruculose, forming mycelial cords from which conidia arise; but in this case, integrated or terminal conidiogenous cells are present and the conidia form a beak-like structure at apex from which dense hairy appendages arise, and also its outer wall breaks and starts peeling off after mounting.

ITS. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence are Parapyrenochaeta acacia (GenBank NR_155674 from type material, Identities = 546/592 (92 %), 20 gaps = 20/542 (3 %)), Pyrenochaetopsis microspora (GenBank HM751085; Identities = 533/574 (93 %), 18 gaps (3 %)) and Camarosporium aloes (GenBank NR_137821 from type material; Identities = 566/635 (89 %), 32 gaps (5 %)).

LSU. Using the LSU sequence, the closest hits on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database are Pyrenochaeta protearum (GenBank JQ044453; Identities = 625/629 (99 %), no gaps) and Leptosphaeria maculans (GenBank FO905981; Identities = 621/629 (99 %), no gaps).

Colour illustrations. Pedra da Galinha Choca, Quixadá, CE; propagules on natural substrate and on pure culture with different stages of development. Scale bar = 50 μm.

Quixadomyces cearensis.

Quixadomyces cearensis

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:318–319.

Fungal Planet 748 – 13 July 2018

Russula mansehraensis Saba, Caboň & Adamčík, sp. nov.

Slavomír Adamčík 1, Miroslav Caboň 1, Malka Saba 2, Sadiq Ullah 3

Etymology. The name refers to Mansehra, the province where the species was collected for the first time.

Classification — Russulaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes.

Basidiomata small to medium sized, 40–45 mm tall. Pileus 27‒34 mm diam, convex, centrally slightly depressed, surface dry, smooth, matt, vivid red or strong red with centre reddish orange (10R6/12 colour chart of Munsell 1975) and rusty spotted with spots sometimes concentrically arranged; margin even, or slightly involute, without striations. Lamellae regular, adnate, crowded, light yellow, pale yellow or light orange yellow, brittle, edge entire, concolorous. Stipe 35–40 × 8–10 mm, central, cylindrical to subcylindrical, stuffed, slightly longitudinally wrinkled, white, towards base with light yellow-brownish or moderate yellow-brownish spots, without pinkish shades. Context compact, not firm, odour indistinct and taste strongly acrid. Spores (7.5–)8–8.5(–9.5) × (5.5–)6.5–7(–7.5) μm, av. 8.3 × 6.7 μm, Q = (1.13–)1.17–1.29(–1.4), av. 1.23, ornamentation consisting of (4–)5–8(–10) moderately large and distant amyloid warts in the circle 3 μm diam on spore surface, warts 0.5–1 μm high, connected with occasional to frequent short or longer fine line connections ((0–)1–3(–5) line connections in the circle), occasionally fused in short or longer chains ((0–)2–5(–7) fusions in the circle), chains and crests often branched, but rarely forming a reticulate structure, isolated warts rare. Suprahilar plage amyloid, large. Basidia (29–)31.5–38.8(–47) × (10–)11.5–13.5(–15) μm, av. 35.1 × 12.5 μm, 4-spored, clavate, sometimes pedicellate. Hymenial cystidia on lamellar sides widely dispersed to dispersed, 300–400 per mm2, fusiform or rarely clavate, pedicellate, thin-walled, measuring (49–)54–74(–84) × (10–)11.5–16(–20) μm, av. 64 × 13.7 μm, apically acute to acute-pointed and with 2–7(–9) μm long appendage, contents heteromorphous, granular-banded, yellowish, turning brownish red to almost black in sulfovanillin. Lamellar edges covered with abundant marginal cells, occasional cheilocystidia and dispersed basidia; marginal cells not well differentiated, similar to the basidiola on lamellar sides, but smaller, measuring (9–)12–17.5(–19) × (4–)4.5–7(–7.5) μm, av. 15 × 5.8 μm; cheilocystidia narrower than pleurocystidia, clavate or fusiform, pedicellate, thin-walled, measuring (42–)50.5–66(–73) × (8–)9.5–14(–16) μm, av. 58.3 × 11.9 μm, apically with mainly acute tips and usually with 1–6 μm long appendages, contents similar as in pleurocystidia. Pileipellis orthochromatic in Cresyl blue, 115–135 μm deep, sharply delimited from the underlying spherocytes of the context; distinctly divided in a 60–75 μm deep, strongly gelatinised suprapellis of loose, erect or ascending hyphal terminations and, near surface, with some repent, longer pileocystidia; and a 55–65 μm deep subpellis of less gelatinised, dense, irregularly, but near the trama horizontally oriented, intricate, branched, 2–5 μm wide hyphae. Acidoresistant incrustations absent. Hyphal terminations in pileipellis near the pileus margin slender and branched, thin-walled, with terminal cells measuring (11–)18–33(–48) × 2.5–3.5(–4) μm, av. 25.6 × 3.1 μm, mainly narrowly subulate or fusiform, partly subcylindrical, usually apically attenuated or constricted, often moniliform; near the pileus centre with mainly cylindrical, often flexuous terminal cells, measuring (12–)16–26(–32) × (2–)2.5–3.5(–4.5) μm, av. 21.1 × 3 μm, apically obtuse; subterminal cells mainly branched or not, often with lateral branches or nodules, equally wide as terminal cells. Pileocystidia near the pileus margin numerous, narrowly clavate or fusiform, mainly 2- or more-celled (1–4(–6)-celled), thin-walled, with terminal cells measuring (18–)32.5–85.5(–150) × (3–)4.5–7(–8) μm, av. 59 × 5.8 μm, apically obtuse, subterminal cells equally wide or narrower, often shorter, contents in Congo red heteromorphous, granulose or crystalline, turning dark reddish brown to black in sulfovanillin; near the pileus centre smaller and narrower, with terminal cells measuring (25–)31.5–89.5(–160) × (3.5–)4.5–6.5(–8.5) μm, av. 60.5 × 5.6 μm more frequently 1-celled, with more granular and yellow-coloured contents. Cystidioid hyphae in subpellis and pileus trama dispersed, with heteromorphous-granulose, yellowish, often oleiferous contents.

Typus. Pakistan, four collections from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Shangla district, Puran, on soil under Pinus roxburghii (Pinaceae), alt. 1500 m, 5 Sept. 2013, S. Ullah (holotype HUP-SUR180, ITS, LSU, mtSSU and rpb2 sequences GenBank MG948636, MG944280, MG944266 and MG944255, MycoBank MB816290).

For additional material examined, see MycoBank.

Notes — The type specimen of R. mansehraensis was morphologically described as ‘Russula sp.’ and its phylogenetic position as member of R. maculata lineage was resolved in our previous study (Adamčík et al. 2016). In this study we supported both morphology and phylogeny by more collections from Pakistan, more observations and more sequences including additional loci (for phylogenetic tree, see MycoBank). We confirmed the placement of R. mansehraensis in Russula subsect. Maculatinae, where it clustered in the strongly supported clade together with European species R. maculata and R. nympharum. Our phylogeny showed strong support for recognising of R. mansehraensis as a new species. The other ITS sequences retrieved from GenBank (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank) and UNITE (http://unite.ut.ee) databases originate from Papua New Guinea and Southern and Northern China and apparently represent different species associated probably with other host trees (e.g., Castanopsis and Keteleeria).

The R. maculata lineage is morphologically defined by a red pileus cuticle discolouring to yellow or white, yellow spore print, acrid taste of the flesh and yellow brownish spots on surface of the pileus and the stipe. Our field observations on R. mansehraensis agree well with this morphological delimitation of the group. Contrary to above-mentioned European species, the Pakistani species does not show any distinct pink shades on the stipe surface and basidiomata are distinctly smaller and thin-fleshed. All studied collections of R. mansehraensis were collected in mono-dominant Pinus roxburghii forests, contrary to both European species known only as associates of deciduous trees. Our study confirms that relatively small spores (up to 8.5 × 7 μm) and mainly 2- and more-celled pileocystidia are micromorphological characters that define R. mansehraensis.

Colour illustrations. Russula mansehraensis (HUP-SUR180) growing in mono-dominant forest of Pinus roxburghii; basidiomata; spores; pileipellis near the pileus margin; hymenial elements. Scale bars = 10 mm (basidiomes), 10 μm (microscopic structures).

Russula mansehraensis.

Russula mansehraensis

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:320–321.

Fungal Planet 749 – 13 July 2018

Saproamanita quitensis E. Caicedo, A. Barili, C.W. Barnes & Ordoñez, sp. nov.

Maria E Ordoñez 1, Erika Caicedo 1, Alessio Barili 1, Charles W Barnes 2

Etymology. Named reflects the locality where the species was collected.

Classification — Amanitaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.

Basidiomata small to medium size, pileus 90 mm diam, broadly convex, whitish, warts on the surface, margin whole, slightly revolute, rimose, thick texture, fleshy. Warts thick, dense, hard, scale-shaped, persistent, bigger and thicker towards the centre, pointy. Towards the margin warts thinner and truncated, from whitish to cream until dark brown on the tips, tending to get darker. Lamellae free, tall, ventricose, crowded, white with cream tones, slightly wavy margin and very finely serrate. Stipe 60 × 30 mm, short, thick, cylindrical with a slight wider base, white, smooth. Annulus remnant adhered, cream colour, disappears during drying process. Volva dissociated with reddish brown pearls. Odour not distinctive when fresh, strong fungal odour when dry. Pileipellis pseudocutis. Lamellar trama bilateral, divergent, with mostly clavate hyphae 9–14 μm wide, septate, thin cell wall, occasionally little differentiated filamentous hyphae. Caulocutis with acrophysalids, clavate hyphae with longitudinal clamp connections. Veil trama predominance of filamentous hyphae, ellipsoid and pyriform hyphae less abundant. Basidia 34–52.5 × 8–13.5 μm, four sterigmata, sometimes two, 3 μm long. Clamp connections occasionally present at the base. Basidiospores 6–12 × 6.5–9.5 μm, globose or rarely subglobose, apiculate, hyaline, thin cell wall or slightly thickened, amyloid, acyanophilic, non-metachromatic, Q = 1.04.

Habitat — Solitary, on the ground near Polylepis racemosa in an urban park.

Typus. Ecuador, Pichincha province, Itchimbia Metropolitan Park, alt. 2882 m, Jan. 2017, E. Caicedo (holotype QCAM7047, ITS-LSU sequence GenBank MG889398, MycoBank MB824231, TreeBASE Submission ID 22306).

Notes — Phylogenetically, Saproamanita quitensis is distinct from other Amanita spp. available in the NCBI GenBank nucleotide database. The closest species based on a megablast search of the full ITS sequence is Amanita inopinata, currently Saproamanita inopinata, from the Netherlands (GenBank KM026507) and from New Zealand (GenBank HQ533044) both with 100 % coverage and a 97 % Identity score from 18 base differences and 9 gaps. Only one other species, A. pruittii, currently Saproamanita pruittii (Redhead et al. 2016), had 100 % coverage for the full ITS sequence in the megablast search, with a 96 % Identity score from 24 base differences and 10 gaps. Following the above-mentioned species, the highest megablast search was to an Amanita sp. (GenBank KY081706) from Brazil with 99 % coverage and an 88 % Identity score from 75 base differences and 22 gaps. The percent coverage of the full ITS in the megablast search dropped significantly thereafter.

According to the description of Tulloss (2009), S. quitensis belongs to the subgenus Lepidella, sect. Lepidella, subsect. Vittadinae, and according to Tulloss (2003) it belongs to the stirps Nauseosa due to the presence of clamp connections at the base of the basidia, the spore morphology and the characteristics of the remnants of the universal veil on the stipe. Morphologically, the closest species based on the description of Tulloss (2003) is A. nauseosa but it differs notably by the larger pileus size, presence of umbo, and strong odour when fresh and dry. Other close species are S. pruittii, but it differs by the odour, and shape and size of basidiospores (Tulloss et al. 2014); A. prairiicola differs by the presence of a persistent ring, and size and shape of the basidiospores, additionally the latter species belongs to the Vittadinii stirps (Tulloss 1998).

The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Maximum Likelihood plugin PHYML in Geneious R9 (http://www.geneious.com; Kearse et al. 2012), and the substitution model determined by jModelTest (Posada 2008) according to Corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc). The genus Amanita is used based on current nomenclature in NCBI nucleotide database. Amanita sp. (GenBank KY081706) is the outgroup. Bootstrap support values ≥ 50 % are given above branches. The phylogenetic position of S. quitensis is indicated in bold. The species name is followed by the accession number, and the three letter United Nations country code, in order of appearance BRA: Brazil, USA: United States, ECU: Ecuador, NLD: Netherlands, NZL: New Zealand.

graphic file with name per-40-240-i017.jpg

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Colour illustrations. Ecuador, Itchimbía Metropolitan Park; close-up of basidiocarp; basidiocarp next to Polylepis racemosa; lamellar trama. Scale bar = 100 μm.

Saproamanita quitensis.

Saproamanita quitensis

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:322–323.

Fungal Planet 750 – 13 July 2018

Talaromyces tabacinus Jurjević, S.W. Peterson & G. Perrone, sp. nov.

Željko Jurjević 1, Stephen W Peterson 2, Giancarlo Perrone 3

Etymology. Named for tobacco, the host from which it was isolated.

Classification — Trichocomaceae, Eurotiales, Eurotiomycetes.

On MEA: Conidiophores with solitary phialides, 15–45(–65) × 3–4(–5.5) μm diam, or monoverticillate, occasionally biverticillate, rarely with subterminal branches; stipes smooth, (3–)10–40(–70) × 2.5–4 μm diam; metulae 2–3, 12–21 × 3–4 μm diam; phialides 2–5, acerose, (9–)14–20(–26) × 3–3.5(–5) μm diam, with gradually tapering collula, occasionally minutely roughened; conidia ellipsoidal to fusiform, rarely small and nearly subglobose, smooth, (4.5–)6–10(–19) × (2.5–)3–3.5(–4.5) μm diam. Borne in long disordered chains. No sexual morph observed.

Culture characteristics — Cultured in darkness at 25 °C for 7 d unless otherwise noted. Colonies on malt extract agar (MEA) 27–40 mm diam, floccose to funiculose, low, plane, occasional shallow radial sulci, mycelium white, subsurface hyphae extending c. 4–12 mm from margin, sporulation moderate to very good, conidia en masse pale green-blue grey to deep green-blue, grey-blue (R48; Ridgway 1912), no exudate or soluble pigments, reverse cream-buff to deep colonial buff to primrose yellow (R30). Colonies on Czapek yeast autolysate agar (CYA) 14–24 mm diam, floccose to funiculose, rising c. 3–4 mm, mycelium white to yellow ochre (R15), subsurface hyphae extending c. 2–3 mm from margin, sporulation moderate, conidia en masse pale Medici blue to deep green-blue grey (R48), no exudate or soluble pigments, reverse cream-buff to chamois to light yellowish olive (R30). Colonies on potato dextrose agar 28–39 mm diam, floccose to funiculose, plane, light to deep radial sulci, mycelium white to deep colonial buff (R30), subsurface hyphae extending c. 3–12 mm from margin, sporulation moderate to heavy, conidia en masse pale green-blue, grey to deep green-blue, grey-blue (R48), to Artemisia green (R47), no exudate or soluble pigments, reverse colonial buff to olive-ochre to light olive yellow to dark greenish olive (R30). No growth on Czapek yeast agar with 20 % sucrose. Dichloran 18 % glycerol agar, 2–4 mm diam, no sporulation, mycelium white, largely submerged, reverse uncoloured to pale buff. No growth on CYA with 5 % NaCl. Colonies on oatmeal agar 38–43 mm diam, floccose to funiculose, low, plane, mycelium white, occasionally with Naples yellow shades (R16), heavy sporulation, conidia en masse pale green-blue, grey to deep green-blue, grey (R48), exudate when present clear, small droplets, soluble pigments absent. Colonies on creatine sucrose agar up to 4 mm diam, very poor growth. On CYA/MEA (colony diam in mm) at 30 °C 20–30/43–67; 35 °C 22–36/40–67; 37 °C 23–30/30–67; 41 °C 13–30/18–48; no growth at 45 °C.

Typus. USA, North Carolina, Durham, leaves of Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae) from a greenhouse, 17 Sept. 2013, Ž. Jurjević (holotype BPI 910533, cultures ex-type NRRL 66727 = EMSL 2174; barcode: ITS, benA, CaM and rpb2 sequences GenBank MG182613, MG182627, MG182606 and MG182620, MycoBank MB823318).

Additional material examined. USA, North Carolina, Durham, tobacco leaves from a greenhouse, Ž. Jurjevic, 17 Sept. 2013, NRRL 66728 = EMSL 2175, NRRL 66729 = EMSL 2176; 19 July 2016, NRRL 66677; 9 Aug. 2016, NRRL 66678, NRRL 66679. Sequences deposited as GenBank MG182602–MG182629.

Notes — BLAST searches of the sequences of T. tabacinus showed ß-tubulin similarity to T. aerugineus, T. bohemicus and T. diversiformis; calmodulin similarities were to T. bohemicus and T. diversiformis. The ITS barcode was 98–99 % similar to Talaromyces ryukyuensis, T. aerugineus, T. bohemicus and T. diversiformis.

Talaromyces tabacinus is distinguished by the production of (4.5–)6–10(–19) × (2.5–)3–3.5(–4.5) μm diam ellipsoidal or fusiform conidia, and growth on CYA at 37 °C of 23–30 mm diam. The closely related T. diversiformis produces 4–6(–8) × 2–4 μm diam ellipsoidal or fusiform conidia, and growth at 37 °C is 17–19 mm diam. Talaromyces bohemicus has 7–9 × 2.5–3 μm fusiform conidia with encrusted cell walls, while T. aerugineus has 3–8.5 × 2.5–5 μm smooth conidia, in various shapes, subglobose to ellipsoidal to fusiform. Talaromyces tabacinus causes no disease symptoms on tobacco.

graphic file with name per-40-240-i018.jpg

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Maximum likelihood tree of T. tabacinus and closely related species based on a concatenated benA, CaM and rpb2 DNA sequence alignment was calculated using MEGA (Kumar et al. 2016). Support values at branches were obtained from 1 000 bootstrap replicates. Bootstrap values greater than 70 % are shown; ex-type strains are indicated by T.

Colour illustrations. Tobacco plant; 7-d-old cultures of Talaromyces tabacinus on MEA (top: 25 °C, middle: 37 °C, bottom: 41 °C), conidia and conidiophores on MEA. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Talaromyces tabacinus.

Talaromyces tabacinus

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:324–325.

Fungal Planet 751 – 13 July 2018

Terfezia morenoi Bordallo, Ant. Rodr. & Morte, sp. nov.

Juan Julián Bordallo 1, Antonio Rodríguez 1, Asunción Morte 1

Etymology. Named after Prof. Gabriel Moreno, from Universidad de Alcalá de Henares (Madrid, Spain), for his long and illustrious career in Spanish Mycology and his outstanding contribution to the knowledge of hypogeous fungi.

Classification — Pezizaceae, Pezizales, Pezizomycetes.

Ascomata hypogeous to partially emergent at maturity, 2–5 cm in size, subglobose, short base, cream colour at first, becoming brown, black spots on the sun-exposed parts or when manipulated, smooth. Peridium 300–500 μm thick, whitish in cross section, pseudoparenchymatous, composed of subglobose cells, 20–50 μm diam, thin-walled, hyaline, yellowish and angular to oblong in the outermost layers. Gleba solid, fleshy, succulent, whitish with small pale grey pockets at first, maturing to greyish green pockets of fertile tissue separated by whitish, sometimes with salmon pink spots, sterile veins. Often with small holes indicating mycophagous activity. Strong odour, more remarkable in mature specimens becoming unpleasant. Mild taste. Asci nonamyloid, ellipsoid to ovate, citriform, sessile or short-stipitate, 60–90 × 50–60 μm, walls 1–2 μm thick, with 6–8 irregularly disposed spores, randomly arranged in fertile pockets. Ascospores globose, (16–)16.5–19(–19.5) μm diam (median = 18 μm) including ornamentation, (13.5–)14–16(–16.5) μm (median = 15 μm) without ornamentation, hyaline, smooth and uni-guttulate at first, by maturity yellow ochre and ornamented with conical spines, pointed, straight, separate, 1–2(–2.5) μm long, 1 μm wide at the base.

Ecology & Distribution — Terfezia morenoi grows in calcareous, clayey, alkaline soils, associated with Pinus spp. and Quercus ilex, with no presence of Cistaceae, it fructifies from March to April. A circular brûlé or burnt area, with scanty vegetation, is usually observed in the ground around its mycorrhizal host plant. This burnt area is very similar to those described for some Tuber species and can be widely interpreted as allelopathic phenomena due to volatile secondary metabolites emitted in the course of their life cycle (Streiblova et al. 2012). The fact that this species has a strong odour could be related to the formation of this burnt area, not found in other Terfezia species with light spermatic odour or without odour.

Typus. Spain, Albacete, Jorquera, 2013, leg. Ant. Rodríguez (holotype MUB Fung-j251, ITS sequence GenBank KY678905, MycoBank MB823725).

Additional material examined. Spain, Albacete, Cilleruelo, 2009, A. Rodríguez, MUB Fung-jO12, MUB Fung-jO13, MUB Fung-jO14; Pozohondo, 2013, A. Rodríguez, MUB Fung-j257; Lezuza, 2017, A. Rodríguez, MUB Fung-j822; Jorquera, 2013, C. Rodríguez, MUB Fung-j248, MUB Fung-j250, MUB Fung-j251; Valencia, Onteniente, 2009, A. Rodríguez, MUB Fung-jO39; La Rioja, 2013, A. Rodríguez, MUB Fung-j325, MUB Fung-j326; Valladolid, Santa Espina, 1998, A. García, MUB Fung-jO34.

Notes — Terfezia morenoi is a spiny-spored Terfezia species characterised by its strong odour attractive for animals, greyish green gleba, growing in alkaline clay soils in spring, associated with Pinus spp. and Quercus ilex without presence of Cistaceae. It differs from T. albida, the other spiny-spored species growing in alkaline clay soils in having a spermatic odour, white peridium, larger spores and different host plant (Bordallo et al. 2013). Terfezia cistophila has a spermatic odour, different host and grows in acidic soil (Bordallo et al. 2015). Terfezia olbiensis is odourless and grows in winter (Tulasne & Tulasne 1851). Terfezia grisea is odourless, has blackish grey gleba and different host plant (Bordallo et al. 2015). Terfezia fanfani, T. pseudoleptoderma, T. extremadurensis, T. pini and T. leptoderma, the other spiny-spored species, differ in growing in acidic soil, having no distinctive odour and larger spores. Moreover, the new taxon is distinguished from the other species based on ITS sequence identity in the phylogenetic tree based on the Neighbour-Joining method, that was topologically identical to the Maximal Parsimony tree (data not shown).

graphic file with name per-40-240-i019.jpg

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The evolutionary history was inferred using the Neighbour-Joining method. The bootstrap consensus tree inferred from 500 replicates is taken to represent the evolutionary history of the taxa analysed. Branches corresponding to partitions reproduced in less than 50 % bootstrap replicates are collapsed. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (500 replicates) are shown next to the branches. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths in the same units as those of the evolutionary distances used to infer the phylogenetic tree. The evolutionary distances were computed using the Maximum Composite Likelihood method and are in the units of the number of base substitutions per site. All positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated from the dataset (Complete deletion option). There were a total of 452 positions in the final dataset. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted in MEGA4 (Tamura et al. 2007).

Colour illustrations. Habitat with Pinus halepensis and a burnt area around; ascocarp; gleba and mature ascospores. Scale bar = 10 μm.

Terfezia morenoi.

Terfezia morenoi

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:326–327.

Fungal Planet 752 – 13 July 2018

Thecaphora australiensis Stajsic, Y.P. Tan & R.G. Shivas, sp. nov.

Val Stajsic 1, Yu Pei Tan 2, Jacqueline Edwards 3, Roger G Shivas 4

Etymology. Name refers to the country from where this fungus was collected, Australia.

Classification — Glomosporiaceae, Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycetes.

Sori in all or most capsules on an infected plant, infected capsules slightly swollen and all of the seeds are replaced by a powdery, cinnamon-brown spore mass. Spores solitary when mature, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 14–26 × 14–19 μm, pale to medium yellowish brown; wall even, 1–2 μm thick including surface ornamentation, densely verruculose, warts c. 1 μm high. Asexual morph not seen.

Typus. Australia, Victoria, Beaumaris, Melbourne, Balcombe Road, north side of road, at intersection with Balcombe Park Lane, S37°58′37.7″ E145°01′51.7″, alt. 27 m, in capsules of a variant of Oxalis exilis (Oxalidaceae), 7 Feb. 2017, V. Stajsic 8369 (holotype BRIP 65455, LSU sequence GenBank MG267396, MycoBank MB822652; isotype MEL 2406589A).

Additional material examined. Australia, Victoria, Melbourne, Royal Botanic Gardens, lawn near the National Herbarium of Victoria building, alt. 30 m, in capsules of a variant of Oxalis exilis, 10 Feb. 2017, V. Stajsic 8379, BRIP 65456, MEL 2406590A, LSU sequence GenBank MG267397; Beaumaris, Fairleigh Avenue, 20 Apr. 2017, V. Stajsic 8513, MEL 2417667A.

Notes — The smut genus Thecaphora contains approximately 60 species, which infect hosts in 16 eudicot families (Vánky 2011). Four species have been found in Australia, two of which are endemic, none of which occur on Oxalis (Vánky & Shivas 2008). Only two species, Thecaphora oxalidis and T. capensis, are known to infect Oxalis. Thecaphora oxalidis occurs on Oxalis corniculata, O. dillenii, O. fontana and O. stricta (all in sect. Corniculatae) and O. laxa (sect. Alpinae) in Asia, Europe, North and South America (Vánky et al. 2008). The second species, T. capensis is only known on O. lanata f. var. rosea (sect. Oppositae) from the type locality in South Africa (Salter 1944, Roets et al. 2008). Thecaphora australiensis is the only smut fungus known to occur on Oxalis in Australia. Thecaphora australiensis is morphologically very similar to T. oxalidis, but it has longer spores than those of T. oxalidis, which are 12–17 × 13.5–21(–24) μm (Vánky 2011). Phylogenetic analyses of the LSU sequences show that it clusters with T. oxalidis and T. capensis. Thecaphora australiensis infects a variant of Oxalis exilis (sect. Corniculatae), a species which is indigenous to Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand. This variant occurs mainly in lawns, nature-strips, gardens, edges of paths, parkland and ditches. The origin status of this form of O. exilis is uncertain. The discovery of a novel Thecaphora species on this variant of O. exilis lends support to the likelihood that the host may be indigenous to Australia. An examination of all the Australian-collected specimens from Oxalis sect. Corniculatae held at MEL did not yield any specimens with T. australiensis.

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A maximum likelihood tree of Thecaphora based on an alignment of LSU sequences. Analyses were performed using RAxML v. 7.2 (Stamatakis & Alachiotis 2010) on the Geneious v. 9.1.8 platform (Biomatters Ltd.) based on the GTR substitution model with gamma-distribution rate variation. In the tree, branch lengths are proportional to distance. Bootstrap support values ≥ 70 % are indicated on the nodes. Thecaphora solani TS5 was used as outgroup. The Oxalis hosts are indicated after the Thecaphora spp. names. The new species proposed in this study is indicated in bold.

Colour illustrations. Gardens of the Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria (photo credit Adrian Vittorio); infected capsule of Oxalis exilis; spores. Scale bars = 1 mm (infected capsule), 10 μm (spores).

Thecaphora australiensis.

Thecaphora australiensis

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:328–329.

Fungal Planet 753 – 13 July 2018

Tirmania honrubiae Morte, Bordallo & Ant. Rodr., sp. nov.

Asunción Morte 1, Juan Julián Bordallo 1, Antonio Rodríguez 1

Etymology. Named after Prof. Mario Honrubia, from Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Spain), for his valuable contributions in the fields of mycology and mycorrhizal research.

Classification — Pezizaceae, Pezizales, Pezizomycetes.

Ascomata hypogeous to partially emergent at maturity, 5–10 × 4–9 cm, subglobose to turbinate, with basal mycelial attachment, whitish to pale brown, yellowish brown, becoming dark brown with age, smooth. Peridium 1 mm thick, thinner or discontinuous in places, 2-layered: the outermost being 100 μm thick, composed of appressed interwoven hyphae, more or less parallel with surface of ascocarp, 5–12 μm diam, thick-walled, yellowish; the inner layer not differentiable from the gleba, composed of subglobose cells, inflated up to 40 μm diam, hyaline and thin-walled. Gleba solid, fleshy, with thin, whitish to yellowish sterile veins enclosing cream to pale pink pockets of fertile tissue. Odour pleasant. Taste not recorded. Asci faintly amyloid, ellipsoid to pyriform, short-stipitate, 70–110 × 40–60 μm, walls 1–1.5 μm thick, with 6–8 irregularly disposed spores, randomly arranged in fertile pockets. Ascospores globose, 15–19 μm diam, hyaline to pale yellow, with a single guttule, 2-layered: outer layer smooth; inner layer roughened, with low rounded warts (up to 1 μm high) and ridges, protruding into the outer wall layer with age or not fully hydrated, sometimes forming a pseudoreticulum.

Ecology & Distribution — Tirmania honrubiae grows in sandy, calcareous and alkaline soils of arid areas, associated with Helianthemum lippii. Sporocarps are observed from January to the beginning of April.

Typus. United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi, Ghantoot, 2013, leg. A. Morte (holotype MUB Fung-j297, ITS sequence GenBank MG949282, MycoBank MB824243).

Additional material examined. United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi, Ghantoot, 2013, leg. A. Morte, MUB Fung-j286, ITS sequence GenBank MG949283, MUB Fung-j294, ITS sequence GenBank MG948294, MUB Fung-j299, ITS sequence GenBank MG949287, MUB Fung-j304, ITS sequence GenBank MG949285; Ghantoot, 2014, leg. A. Morte, MUB Fung-j359, ITS sequence GenBank MG949289, MUB Fung-j361, ITS sequence GenBank MG949286; Seih Sadira, 2014, leg. A. Morte, MUB Fung-j344, ITS sequence GenBank MG949288, MUB Fung-j348.

Notes — The genus Tirmania has only two accepted species, T. nivea and T. pinoyi, which are mainly distributed in arid areas with alkaline soils, from the north of Africa and west of Asia (Malençon 1973, Kagan-Zur et al. 2014). Tirmania honrubiae differs from T. nivea and T. pinoyi based on its ITS sequence data and the spore ornamentation. Tirmania nivea has spores that are smooth or minutely roughened and broadly ellipsoid in shape. Tirmania pinoyi has spores that are more conspicuously ornamented, but are clearly shorter than those of T. honrubiae when they are observed under a scanning electron microscope.

Phylogeny inferred using Neighbour-Joining (NJ) and Maximum Parsimony (MP) methods. The first numbers on the branches are the NJ bootstrap support values (≥ 50 %) and the numbers after the slash represent the MP bootstrap support values (≥ 50 %) based on 500 bootstrapping replicates. The evolutionary distances were computed using the Maximum Composite Likelihood analysis of ITS rDNA sequences. Eremiomyces species (GenBank JN392333, KY678905, AF435825, AF435829) were the outgroup. There was a total of 491 positions in the final dataset. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted in MEGA4 (Tamura et al. 2007).

graphic file with name per-40-240-i021.jpg

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Colour illustrations. Arid zones of Seih Sadira (Abu Dhabi, UAE), calcareous sandy soils, with Helianthemum lippii plants (arrows); ascocarp under H. lippii; gleba; amyloid asca with ascospores and scanning electron micrograph of mature ascospores. Scale bars = 20 μm.

Tirmania honrubiae.

Tirmania honrubiae

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:330–331.

Fungal Planet 754 – 13 July 2018

Xylophallus clavatus T.S. Cabral, M.P. Martín, C.R. Clement, K. Hosaka & Baseia, sp. nov.

Tiara S Cabral 1, María P Martín 2, Charles R Clement 3, Kentaro Hosaka 4, Iuri G Baseia 5

Etymology. In reference to its basidiome shape.

Classification — Phallaceae, Phallales, Agaricomycetes.

Immature basidiome globose to subglobose, with protuberances on the surface, up to 8 × 6 mm, pale brown (N40A99M20; Küppers 1979) on base to brown (N90A99M99) to the apex, rhizomorphs on the base. Mature basidiome up to 38 × 7 mm in its thickest portion when fresh, clavate shape. Receptacle campanulate, smooth, with an umbilicated depression or minutely perforated at apex, adnate to pseudostipe, up to 6 × 7 mm. Pseudostipe up to 21 × 7 mm, cylindrical, hollow, not attached to the volva, reticulated surface with reticulations deeper when closer to receptacle, white (N00A00M00), composed of ovoid to pyriform pseudoparenchymatous hyphae 20–35 × 20–27 μm, hyaline in 5 % KOH (same hyphae of receptacle). Volva pale brown (N40A99M20) to brown (N90A99M99), with irregular dehiscence, rhizomorphs at base forming a net spreading through substrate, interconnecting basidiomes; external layer composed of filamentous hyphae, 2.5–3.5 μm wide, hyaline in 5 % KOH, sinuous, septate and with clamp connections; internal gelatinous layer composed of pseudoparenchymatous hyphae, 19–34 × 19–27 μm, hyaline in 5 % KOH. Rhizomorphs composed of filamentous hyphae, 1.5–3.5 μm wide, thick-walled, septate, hyaline in 5 % KOH. Gleba olive-brown (N99A50M10), mucilaginous. Basidium clavate, bearing 6–8 spores. Basidiospores bacillar, smooth, (4–)4.5–5(–5.5) × 1.5–2(–2.5) μm, greenish to hyaline in 5 % KOH.

Typus. Brazil, Pará, Belterra, National Forest of the Tapajós, -2.94166667, -54.92972222, on rotten wood, 2014, T.S. Cabral & D.L. Komura (holotype INPA 264901, ITS, rpb2 and tef-1α sequences GenBank KU871795, KU871723 and KU871513, MycoBank MB824521; isotype INPA 264902).

Additional material examined. Brazil, Amazonas, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Itacoatiara-Mirim Community, S0°07′43.4″ W66°58′24.4″, 2014, T.S. Cabral, paratype INPA 264927, ITS, rpb2 and tef-1α sequences GenBank KU871800, KU871716 and KU871497; Barcelos, 2015, T.S. Cabral, paratype INPA 271655, ITS, rpb2 and tef-1α sequences GenBank KU871814, KU871742 and KU871515; Parintins, Açaí Community, -2.64750000, -56.54833333, 2015, T.S. Cabral, paratype INPA 271639, ITS, rpb2 and tef-1α sequences GenBank KU871803, KU871719 and KU871506. – Costa Rica, Heredia, Sarapiquí, La Selva, 1986, C. Ovrebo, USJ 28095, ITS, rpb2 and tef-1α sequences GenBank KU871815, KU871715 and KU871514.

Notes — To date, the genus Xylophallus has been considered monospecific with X. xylogenus, the smallest phalloid yet described (up to 15 mm high), as the type of the genus. The immature basidiomes of X. xylogenus have a smooth surface, and mature basidiomes are fusiform, with reticulate pseudostipes. However, X. clavatus is macroscopically characterised by its large basidiome size, the immature basidiome surface with protuberances, the clavate shape of the mature basidiomes, and the pseudostipe with relatively shallow reticulations. Microscopically, they differ mainly in basidiospore size: in X. clavatus the basidiospores are 4.5–5 μm in length, while in X. xylogenus basidiospores are 3–4 μm (Trierveiler-Pereira & Da Silveira 2012). Sáenz et al. (1972) provided a very detailed description of specimens from Costa Rica. In our analysis, the Costa Rican specimen (USJ 28095) grouped in the new species clade. We found morphological similarities between the author’s description and the specimens of X. clavatus analysed here, such as mature and immature basidiomatal sizes, immature basidiomatal surface with protuberances, and basidiospore sizes. In fact, Sáenz et al. (1972) state that their results are somewhat different from those previously published, which now can be explained by the fact that previous papers were dealing with X. xylogenus. The species tree indicates that the previous taxonomy of Xylophallus does not reflect its evolutionary history. This genus is actually composed of at least two evolutionary units, with X. xylogenus being a sister species to the clade representing X. clavatus.

graphic file with name per-40-240-i022.jpg

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Phylogenetic tree obtained with MrBayes v. 3.1.2 (Ronquist & Huelsenbeck 2003) using ITS nrDNA, tef-1α and rpb2 concatenated genes, under GTR+G, TRN+G and SYM+G models, for 3 M generations. Both type and paratype of the new species are marked with a coloured rectangle. Posterior probabilities values are indicated on the branches. TreeBASE submission ID 22365.

Colour illustrations. Brazil, Pará, Belterra, National Forest of the Tapajós; fresh basidiomes of INPA 271639 and INPA 264901 (top, scale bar = 10 mm); immature basidiome with protuberances on surface (bottom, scale bar = 1 mm); pseudoparenchymatous hyphae of pseudostipe (scale bar = 100 μm); filamentous hyphae from volva (scale bar = 50 μm); basidiospores (scale bar = 10 μm).

Xylophallus clavatus.

Xylophallus clavatus

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:332–333.

Fungal Planet 755 – 13 July 2018

Zymoseptoria crescenta Abrinbana, Abdollahz. & Crous, sp. nov.

Masoud Abrinbana 1, Jafar Abdollahzadeh 2, Pedro W Crous 3, Johannes Z Groenewald 3

Etymology. Named after its characteristic crescent-shaped conidia.

Classification — Mycosphaerellaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.

Phytopathogenic. Conidiomata pycnidial, substomatal, immersed to erumpent, globose, dark brown, up to 120 μm diam, with central ostiole, up to 20 μm diam; wall of 3–4 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells, or with one supporting cell, lining the inner cavity. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth, tightly aggregated, subcylindrical to ampulliform, straight to curved, 6–13 × 2–3 μm, with 1–2 inconspicuous, percurrent proliferations at apex, 1–1.5 μm diam. Type I conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, crescent or sickle-shaped, tapering towards acutely rounded apex, with tapering subtruncate or mostly acute base, 0(–1)-septate, (11–)15–21(–25) × 2(–2.5) μm; hila not thickened nor darkened, 1–2 μm diam. On OA and PDA yeast-like growth and microcyclic conidiation (Type III conidia) are observed, and aerial hyphae disarticulate into phragmospores (Type II conidia).

Culture characteristics — Colonies on PDA erumpent, spreading, with sparse aerial mycelium, lobate margins, greenish black, reverse olivaceous grey. On OA erumpent, spreading, with sparse aerial mycelium, olivaceous grey margin; reaching 10 mm diam after 30 d at 25 °C.

Typus. Iran, East Azarbaijan province, Kaleybar, N38°36′43″ E47°14′21″, on living leaves of Aegilops triuncialis (Poaceae), May 2012, M. Abrinbana (holotype CBS H-23592, cultures ex-types CPC 24053 = CBS 144410, ITS, LSU, tef1 and rpb2 sequences GenBank MH259304, MH267287, MH271694 and MH271695, MycoBank 825300).

Notes — The genus Zymoseptoria (based on Z. tritici) was established by Quaedvlieg et al. (2011) for septoria-like species that occur on graminicolous hosts. With the introduction of Z. crescenta, the genus presently contains eight species, including Z. tritici (causal agent of septoria tritici blotch on wheat) and Z. passerinii (causal agent of septoria speckled leaf blotch of barley) (Stukenbrock et al. 2012, Videira et al. 2017). Zymoseptoria crescenta is phylogenetically closely related to Z. halophila and Z. passerinii. However, it is easily distinguished from all known Zymoseptoria species by having crescent-shaped conidia in vivo.

graphic file with name per-40-240-i023.jpg

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The single most parsimonious tree of Zymoseptoria species inferred from concatenated ITS, LSU, tef1 and rpb2 sequences. Bayesian posterior probability and maximum parsimony bootstrap support values are given at the nodes. The new species is indicated in bold. All strains are ex-type or ex-epitype (indicated with T and ET, respectively). The scale bar represents 10 changes. The parsimony analysis was performed using PAUP* v. 4.0b10 (Swofford 2003) and the Bayesian analysis using MrBayes v. 3.2 (Ronquist & Huelsenbeck 2003).

Colour illustrations. Symptomatic leaf of Aegilops triuncialis; colony sporulating on potato dextrose agar; conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Zymoseptoria crescenta.

Zymoseptoria crescenta

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:334–335.

Fungal Planet 756 – 13 July 2018

Araucasphaeria Crous & M.J. Wingf., gen. nov.

Etymology. Name combines the host genus, Araucaria, and the related fungal genus, Teratosphaeria.

Classification — Teratosphaeriaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.

Phytopathogenic. Ascomata pseudothecial, aggregated in a brown stroma, immersed to erumpent, globose, with central ostiole, filled with hyaline, branched, septate periphysoids; wall of 3–8 layers of dark brown textura angularis. Asci aparaphysate, fasciculate, bitunicate, subsessile, obovoid, straight to slightly curved, 8-spored. Ascospores multiseriate, overlapping, hyaline, guttulate, thick-walled, fusoid-ellipsoid with obtuse ends, medianly 1-septate, encased in a mucoid sheath.

Type species. Araucasphaeria foliorum Crous & M.J. Wingf.

MycoBank MB825397.

Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:335.

Fungal Planet 756 – 13 July 2018

Araucasphaeria foliorum Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2

Etymology. Name refers to the fact that the fungus occurs on leaves.

Leaf spots amphigenous, irregular to subcircular, 5–20 mm diam, brown, with dark brown margins. Ascomata pseudothecial, amphigenous, aggregated in a brown stroma, dark brown, immersed to erumpent, globose, 70–100 μm diam, with central ostiole, filled with hyaline, branched, septate periphysoids, 5–15 × 2–3.5 μm; wall of 3–8 layers of dark brown textura angularis. Asci aparaphysate, fasciculate, bitunicate, subsessile, obovoid, straight to slightly curved, 8-spored, 25–45 × 12–17 μm. Ascospores multiseriate, overlapping, hyaline, guttulate, thick-walled, straight, fusoid-ellipsoid with obtuse ends, widest just above septum, medianly 1-septate, constricted at septum, tapering towards both ends, but more prominently towards lower end, encased in a mucoid sheath up to 5 μm diam, (12–)14–15 × (4–)4.5–5 μm. Ascospores germinating primarily from one end, with germ tubes at an angle to the long axis of the spore, becoming constricted at septum, medium brown, verruculose, 5(–7) μm diam.

Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching 15 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface pale olivaceous grey, margin buff, slimy, reverse cinnamon. On PDA surface and reverse olivaceous grey. On OA surface olivaceous grey.

Typus. Chile, Rio Puesco, near Pucon, on symptomatic leaves of Araucaria araucana (Araucariaceae), Mar. 2010, M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS H-23591, culture ex-type CPC 33084 = CBS 144411, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH327793.1 and MH327829.1, MycoBank MB825398).

Notes — A common ascomycete found on the leaves of Araucaria in South America is Mycosphaerella araucariae (Rehm 1901, Von Arx 1958, Aptroot 2006). Araucasphaeria foliorum is distinct from Mycosphaerella araucariae, which has larger ascomata (100–140 μm diam), asci (65–90 × 12–17 μm) and ascospores (19–26 × 5–6 μm) (Von Arx 1958). Araucasphaeria differs from Pseudoteratosphaeria (Quaedvlieg et al. 2014) in having ascomata aggregated in a stroma, ostioles that are lined with hyaline, branched, septate periphysoids, and ascospores encased in a prominent mucoid sheath.

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Pseudotaeniolina globosa (GenBank KC311489.1; Identities = 482/548 (88 %), 20 gaps (3 %)), Phaeothecoidea proteae (GenBank EU707898.1; Identities = 483/553 (87 %), 27 gaps (4 %)) and Xenophacidiella pseudocatenata (GenBank JF499851.1; Identities = 485/555 (87 %), 35 gaps (6 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Pseudoteratosphaeria secundaria (GenBank EU019306.2; Identities = 847/868 (98 %), 1 gap (0 %)), Pseudoteratosphaeria flexuosa (GenBank JN232432.1; Identities = 846/868 (97 %), 1 gap (0 %)) and Pseudoteratosphaeria ohnowa (GenBank EU019305.2; Identities = 846/868 (97 %), 1 gap (0 %)).

Colour illustrations. Araucaria trees growing in Chile; symptomatic leaf, asci in ascomata, ascospores with and without sheath, germinating ascospores. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Araucasphaeria foliorum.

Araucasphaeria foliorum

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:336–337.

Fungal Planet 757 – 13 July 2018

Corynespora pseudocassiicola Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2

Etymology. Name refers to the morphological similarity to Corynespora cassiicola.

Classification — Corynesporascaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.

Leaf spots amphigenous, but more prominent on upper leaf surface, medium brown with broad, dark brown border, circular to subcircular, 5–20 mm diam. Mycelium immersed, stromata absent. Conidiophores 200–400 × 5–7 μm, septate, dark brown, smooth, cylindrical, flexuous, thick-walled, solitary, at times arising in clusters of 3–6 from a reduced stroma consisting of a few brown, globose cells, 10–13 μm diam. Conidiogenous cells terminal, integrated, dark brown, smooth, cylindrical, with obtuse apex with tretic central pore, 12–50 × 5–7 μm. Conidia medium brown, finely roughened, subcylindrical to obclavate, apex obtuse, base obconically truncate, with slightly darkened hilum, (3–)4–5(–7) μm diam, (4–)8–12(–17)-distoseptate, straight to flexuous, frequently in short, unbranched chains, (70–)95–160(–230) × (7–)9–10 μm.

Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching 40 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface pale olivaceous grey, reverse olivaceous grey. On PDA surface olivaceous grey, reverse iron-grey. On OA surface pale olivaceous grey.

Typus. Colombia, Llanos, on leaves of Byrsonima sp. (Malpighiaceae), July 2010, M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS H-23590, culture ex-type CPC 31708 = CBS 144412, ITS, LSU, actA, tef1 and tub2 sequences GenBank MH327794.1, MH327830.1, MH327864.1, MH327877.1 and MH327888.1, MycoBank MB825399).

Notes — Corynespora cassiicola (from leaves of Cassia sp. in Cuba) is a common pathogen of a range of crops in the tropics, which is morphologically and phylogenetically highly diverse (Dixon et al. 2009), including several different species. Corynespora pseudocassiicola is morphologically similar to several species that are presently treated as C. ‘cassiicola’, but is associated with leaf spots of Byrsonima in Colombia, and is herewith distinguished based on its phylogenetic placement, and described as new.

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Corynespora cassiicola (GenBank FJ852587.1; Identities = 520/553 (94 %), 11 gaps (1 %)), Corynespora torulosa (GenBank NR_145181.1; Identities = 517/551 (94 %), 10 gaps (1 %)) and Corynespora smithii (GenBank KY984300.1; Identities = 513/551 (93 %), 9 gaps (1 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Corynespora cassiicola (GenBank LC177365.1; Identities = 805/809 (99 %), no gaps), Cory-nespora torulosa (GenBank KF777207.1; Identities = 847/855 (99 %), no gaps) and Corynespora smithii (GenBank KY984299.1; Identities = 845/855 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the actA sequence had highest similarity to Parastagonospora nodorum (GenBank CP022803.1; Identities = 474/523 (91 %), 10 gaps (1 %)), Phaeosphaeria podocarpi (GenBank KP004502.1; Identities = 458/503 (91 %), 5 gaps (0 %)) and Alternaria intercepta (GenBank JQ671651.1; Identities = 469/521 (90 %), 8 gaps (1 %)). Closest hits using the tef1 sequence had highest similarity to Corynespora smithii (GenBank KY984436.1; Identities = 372/431 (86 %), 14 gaps (3 %)), Neocucurbitaria juglandicola (GenBank MF795861.1; Identities = 351/440 (80 %), 23 gaps (5 %)) and Protofenestella ulmi (GenBank MF795879.1; Identities = 351/440 (80 %), 30 gaps (6 %)). The best hit using the tub2 sequence was with Corynespora cassiicola (GenBank KU605248.1; Identities = 360/404 (89 %), 6 gaps (1 %)).

Colour illustrations. Byrsonima sp. growing in Colombia; symptomatic leaf, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Corynespora pseudocassiicola.

Corynespora pseudocassiicola

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:338–339.

Fungal Planet 758 – 13 July 2018

Helminthosporium livistonae Crous, sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2, Treena I Burgess 3, Giles EStJ Hardy 3

Etymology. Name refers to Livistona, the host genus from which this fungus was collected.

Classification — Massarinaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.

Mycelium consisting of hyaline, septate, branched, 2.5–3 μm diam hyphae. Conidiophores arising from superficial mycelium, erect, flexuous, medium brown, cylindrical, smooth to rough-walled, multiseptate, up to 500 μm tall, with obtuse apex, 4–6 μm diam. Conidiogenous cells integrated along length of conidiophore, terminal and intercalary, pores inconspicuous. Conidia subcylindrical, straight, medium brown, smooth, apex obtuse, base somewhat obconic, hilum thickened and darkened, 2–3 μm diam, (3–)4–6(–7)-distoseptate, (25–)40–55(–65) × (7–)8–9 μm; conidia solitary, terminal and lateral, or in short unbranched chains of up to three.

Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, surface folded, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching 65 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface dirty white, reverse sienna. On PDA surface saffron, reverse peach. On OA surface ochreous to salmon with diffuse salmon pigment.

Typus. Australia, New South Wales, Murramarang National Park, on leaves of Livistona australis (Arecaceae), 27 Nov. 2016, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23589, culture ex-type CPC 32158 = CBS 144413, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH327795.1 and MH327831.1, MycoBank MB825400).

Notes — The Helminthosporium complex was recently treated by Voglmayr & Jaklitsch (2017). Helminthosporium livistonae must to be compared to Exosporium livistonicola, which is distinct in having inconspicuous conidiogenous loci, and conidia that are solitary, obclavate, 20–85 × 4–7 μm, 2–5-distoseptate (Braun et al. 2014, Videira et al. 2017). Exosporium livistonae is distinct in having obclavate conidia that are solitary, 5-distoseptate, (45–)60–70(–80) × (7–)8(–10) μm, with distinct scars on the conidiophores (Crous et al. 2011b); in addition, its LSU sequence (GenBank JQ044446.1) is only 85 % identical to that of Helminthosporium livistonae (760/891, 29 gaps).

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Helminthosporium juglandinum (GenBank NR_155197.1; Identities = 485/542 (89 %), 20 gaps (3 %)), Helminthosporium quercinum (GenBank NR_155198.1; Identities = 483/543 (89 %), 22 gaps (4 %)) and Corynespora proliferata (GenBank FJ852596.1; Identities = 482/543 (89 %), 23 gaps (4 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Helminthosporium genistae (GenBank KY984312.1; Identities = 855/885 (97 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), Helminthosporium microsorum (GenBank KY984329.1; Identities = 853/884 (96 %), no gaps) and Helminthosporium quercinum (GenBank KY984338.1; Identities = 852/884 (96 %), no gaps).

Colour illustrations. Symptomatic leaves of Livistona australis; conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Helminthosporium livistonae.

Helminthosporium livistonae

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:340–341.

Fungal Planet 759 – 13 July 2018

Pseudoarthrographis Crous & Thangavel, gen. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Raja Thangavel 2

Etymology. Name reflects a similarity to the genus Arthrographis.

Classification — Incertae sedis, Dothideomycetes.

Mycelium consisting of smooth, pale brown, septate, branched, hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, arising directly from superficial hyphae, subcylindrical, pale brown, smooth, erect, 0–1-septate, or reduced to conidiogenous loci directly on hyphae. Conidiogenous cells solitary, loci on hyphae or terminal on conidiophores, integrated. Arthroconidia occurring in chains, cylindrical with truncate ends, smooth, pale olivaceous in mass, 0–1-septate, in branched or unbranched chains, hila inconspicuous, truncate. Chlamydospores developing in culture, occurring in chains, globose, medium brown, smooth.

Type species. Pseudoarthrographis phlogis Crous & Thangavel.

MycoBank MB825401.

Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:341.

Fungal Planet 759 – 13 July 2018

Pseudoarthrographis phlogis Crous & Thangavel, sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Raja Thangavel 2

Etymology. Name refers to Phlox, the host genus from which this fungus was collected.

Mycelium consisting of smooth, pale brown, septate, branched, 2–2.5 μm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, arising directly from superficial hyphae, subcylindrical, pale brown, smooth, erect, 0–1-septate, or reduced to conidiogenous loci directly on hyphae, 10–25 × 2.5 μm. Conidiogenous cells solitary, loci on hyphae or terminal on conidiophores, integrated, 1–10 × 2.5 μm. Arthroconidia occurring in chains, cylindrical with truncate ends, smooth, pale olivaceous in mass, (3–)8–12(–15) × 2.5 μm, 0–1-septate, in branched or unbranched chains, hila inconspicuous, truncate, 2–2.5 μm diam. Chlamydospores developing in culture, occurring in chains, globose, medium brown, smooth, 5–7 μm diam.

Culture characteristics — Colonies spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobed margin, reaching 7 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface and reverse olivaceous grey, with diffuse purple pigment on OA.

Typus. New Zealand, Prebbleton, Trents Rd., RD6, on Phlox subulata (Polemoniaceae), 10 June 2016, R. Thangavel, T16_02340G (holotype CBS H-23588, culture ex-type CPC 32759 = CBS 144414, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH327796.1 and MH327832.1, MycoBank MB825402).

Notes — Pseudoarthrographis is morphologically similar to the genus Arthrographis, which also resides in the Dothideomycetes (Eremomycetaceae). Species of Arthrographis have been isolated from the air, compost, marine sediments, soil, wood and also from opportunistic human infections (Giraldo et al. 2014). Another genus to consider in this description is Arthropsis, which accommodates species with dark arthroconidia, joined by adjacent connectives and developing from undifferentiated conidiogenous hyphae (Sigler et al. 1982).

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Neodactylaria obpyriformis (GenBank NR_154267.1; Identities = 476/571 (83 %), 29 gaps (5 %)), Hormococcus conorum (GenBank KF993412.1; Identities = 477/577 (83 %), 33 gaps (5 %)) and Oncopodiella trigonella (GenBank KY853455.1; Identities = 348/397 (88 %), 6 gaps (1 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Spissiomyces ramosus (GenBank KF680785.1; Identities = 830/877 (95 %), 5 gaps (0 %)), Hysteropatella clavispora (GenBank AY541493.1; Identities = 831/880 (94 %), 7 gaps (0 %)) and Coniosporium apollinis (GenBank GU250896.1; Identities = 818/867 (94 %), 2 gaps (0 %)).

Colour illustrations. Phlox subulata in New Zealand; hyphae forming chains of disarticulating conidia, chlamydospore-like structures and conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Pseudoarthrographis phlogis.

Pseudoarthrographis phlogis

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:342–343.

Fungal Planet 760 – 13 July 2018

Polynema podocarpi Crous & Thangavel, sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Raja Thangavel 2

Etymology. Name refers to Podocarpus, the host genus from which this fungus was collected.

Classification — Chaetosphaeriaceae, Chaetosphaeriales, Sordariomycetes.

Conidiomata stromatic, acervuloid, separate, superficial on agar, globose in outline, 200–350 μm diam, brown with creamy conidial mass in centre, surrounded by setae. Setae arising from basal stroma, straight to slightly curved, with basal septum, medium brown, smooth, thick-walled, unbranched, 90–200 μm long, apex acute, 3–4 μm diam at the base. Conidiophores lining the basal stroma, cylindrical, hyaline, smooth, branched, 1–3-septate, 20–65 × 2–2.5 μm. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, cylindrical, hyaline, smooth, 12–20 × 2–2.5 μm. Conidia fusoid to subcylindrical, subobtuse at apex, with single central appendage, truncate at base, (1–)3-septate, not constricted at septa, hyaline, smooth, (12–)14–15(–16) × 2.5(–3) μm, bearing appendages at each end; three basal appendages (10–)15–16 μm long, apical appendage central, 6–8 μm long.

Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with mo-derate aerial mycelium and folded surface with smooth, lobate margin, reaching 35 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface dirty white, reverse sienna. On PDA surface pale luteous to dirty white, reverse umber in centre, luteous in outer region. On OA surface pale luteous with diffuse luteous pigment in agar.

Typus. New Zealand, Auckland, Princes Street, on Podocarpus totara (Podocarpaceae), 7 July 2016, R. Thangavel, T16_02618G (holotype CBS H-23587, culture ex-type CPC 32761 = CBS 144415 = ICMP 22363, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH327797.1 and MH327833.1, MycoBank MB825403).

Notes — Based on morphology this fungus is best accommodated in the genus Polynema as defined by Nag Raj (1993), being allied to Pseudolachnea, and clustering in Chaetosphaeriaceae (Crous et al. 2012). Morphologically, Polynema podocarpi is quite distinct from the presently known species, having 3-septate conidia (Nag Raj 1993). Polynema podocarpi is the first species of the genus that has been subjected to DNA sequencing, and thus adds a new lineage to the Chaetosphaeriaceae.

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Pseudolachnea fraxini (GenBank NR_155628.1; Identities = 484/536 (90 %), 29 gaps (5 %)), Pseudolachnea hispidula (GenBank AB934071.1; Identities = 477/528 (90 %), 28 gaps (5 %)) and Pseudolachnella longiciliata (GenBank AB934081.1; Identities = 469/528 (89 %), 29 gaps (5 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Pseudolachnella fusiformis (GenBank AB934056.1; Identities = 817/835 (98 %), no gaps), Pseudolachnella botulispora (GenBank AB934050.1; Identities = 811/830 (98 %), no gaps) and Pseudolachnea hispidula (GenBank AB934048.1; Identities = 811/830 (98 %), no gaps).

Colour illustrations. Podocarpus totara tree in New Zealand; conidioma sporulating on SNA (scale bar = 300 μm), setae, conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia (scale bars = 10 μm).

Polynema podocarpi.

Polynema podocarpi

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:344–345.

Fungal Planet 761 – 13 July 2018

Acrodontium metrosideri Crous & Thangavel, sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Raja Thangavel 2

Etymology. Name refers to Metrosideros, the host genus from which this fungus was collected.

Classification — Teratosphaeriaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.

Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, septate, branched, 1.5–2 μm diam hyphae. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells arising from superficial hyphae, medium brown, smooth, the lower third being cylindrical, and the upper section tapering prominently to a subacute apex; upper half consisting of a rachis with tightly aggregated loci, visible as small pimple-like scars, 0.5 μm diam, slightly darkened and refractive, 25–35 × 2.5–3 μm. Conidia solitary, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, ellipsoid to clavate, apex obtuse, tapering in lower third to truncate base, 0.5–1 μm diam, (3–)4(–5) × 1.5(–2) μm.

Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading, with folded surface, sparse aerial mycelium and smooth lobate margin, reaching 8 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface olivaceous grey, and reverse iron-grey.

Typus. New Zealand, Auckland, Bucklands Beach, 22 Wells Rd, on Metrosideros excelsa (Myrtaceae), 8 Dec. 2016, R. Thangavel, T16_03926D (holotype CBS H-23586, culture ex-type CPC 32783 = CBS 144416, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH327798.1 and MH327834.1, MycoBank MB825404).

Notes — Videira et al. (2016) showed that Acrodontium resides in the Teratosphaeriaceae. Furthermore, her data also showed several other species reside in different orders, and are not congeneric with the type, A. crateriforme. The present collection, however, clusters within Acrodontium s.str. where it represents a distinct lineage, known from Metrosideros excelsa in New Zealand, clustering with another strain from New Zealand (PDD 105475) originally identified as Septoria alpicola, occurring on Fuchsia excorticata (conidia 60 × 2 μm, 1–7 septate on the specimen). It is apparent that the culture PDD 105475 became contaminated with the fungus described here as Acrodontium podocarpi, which due to its sticky, minute conidia, tends to be a common contaminant in culture collections.

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to ‘Septoria cf. alpicola’ (GenBank KM975402.1; Identities = 528/532 (99 %), no gaps), Acrodontium crateriforme (GenBank GU214682.1; Identities = 507/538 (94 %), 13 gaps (2 %)) and Acrodontium crateriforme (GenBank KX287268.1; Identities = 507/538 (94 %), 13 gaps (2 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are ‘Septoria cf. alpicola’ (GenBank KM975377.1; Identities = 862/864 (99 %), no gaps), Acrodontium crateriforme (GenBank KX286957.1; Identities = 842/870 (97 %), 1 gap (0 %)) and Acrodontium neolitseae (GenBank KJ869184.1; Identities = 816/844 (97 %), 1 gap (0 %)).

Colour illustrations. Bucklands Beach, New Zealand; conidiophores sporulating on SNA, conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Acrodontium metrosideri.

Acrodontium metrosideri

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:346–347.

Fungal Planet 762 – 13 July 2018

Chaetopsina eucalypti Crous, sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2, Treena I Burgess 3, Giles EStJ Hardy 3

Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus, the host genus from which this fungus was collected.

Classification — Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes.

Conidiomata sporodochial, hyaline, globose, 100–300 μm diam, with crystalline to creamy mucoid conidial mass. Setae dispersed throughout sporodochia, at times developing from a brown basal stroma of textura angularis, erect, flexuous, unbranched, brown, smooth, thick-walled, tapering to acute apex, multi-septate, 150–300 × 6–7 μm. Conidiophores densely aggregated, arising from a central stroma, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, 3–6-septate, 20–40 × 2.5–3 μm. Conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary, subcylindrical to fusoid-ellipsoid, hyaline, smooth, phialidic, 7–12 × 2.5–3 μm. Conidia aseptate, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, cylindrical, straight, apex obtuse, base truncate, 1 μm diam, (13–)14–15(–18) × (1.5–)2 μm.

Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with folded surface and sparse aerial mycelium and even, lobate margin, reaching 20 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface saffron, reverse luteous. On PDA surface ochreous, reverse sienna. On OA surface pale luteous.

Typus. Australia, New South Wales, Nullica State Forest, on Eucalyptus leaf litter (Myrtaceae), 29 Nov. 2016, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23585, culture ex-type CPC 32857 = CBS 144417, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH327799.1 and MH327835.1, MycoBank MB825405).

Notes — Chaetopsina eucalypti is phylogenetically related to C. pini, known from needle litter of Pinus caribaea collected in Thailand (Crous et al. 2013). The genus Chaetopsina has nectria-like sexual morphs, and although the culture examined in this study formed ascomatal initials, these did not become fertile. Some species of Chaetopsina have been reported from Eucalyptus, namely C. fulva (Hawaii; conidia 7–11 × 1 μm) and C. splendida (Australia and Brazil; conidia 9.5–12 × 1.5 μm) (Sutton & Hodges 1976, Crous et al. 1989). Chaetopsina eucalypti is easily distinguished from these species based on its larger conidia.

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Chaetopsina pini (GenBank NR_137822.1; Identities = 528/588 (90 %), 24 gaps (4 %)) and Chaetopsina pinicola (GenBank NR_137823.1; Identities = 524/595 (88 %), 36 gaps (6 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Chaetopsina pini (GenBank KF777200.1; Identities = 872/881 (99 %), no gaps), Chaetopsinectria chaetopsinae (GenBank DQ119553.2; Identities = 877/889 (99 %), no gaps) and Chaetopsina pinicola (GenBank KF777201.1; Identities = 875/891 (98 %), no gaps).

Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus leaf litter next to a dead Xanthorrhoea at collection site; conidiomata sporulating on OA (scale bar = 300 μm), setae, conidiogenous cells and conidia (scale bars = 10 μm).

Chaetopsina eucalypti.

Chaetopsina eucalypti

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:348–349.

Fungal Planet 763 – 13 July 2018

Neometulocladosporiella Crous & M.J. Wingf., gen. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2

Etymology. Name refers to the fact that it is similar to Metulocladosporiella.

Classification — Rutstroemiaceae, Helotiales, Leotiomycetes.

Conidiophores dimorphic. Microconidiophores erect, pale brown, smooth, solitary, subcylindrical, straight to flexuous, septate, giving rise to a single, terminal conidiogenous cell. Conidiogenous cells pale brown, smooth, clavate, with 1–3 flat-tipped apical loci, unthickened, not darkened, giving rise to ramoconidia. Macroconidiophores solitary, erect, straight to flexuous, unbranched, subcylindrical, medium brown, smooth, arising from superficial mycelium, base narrow but becoming significantly wider and darkened brown in second cell from the base, septate, medium brown, smooth, clavate, giving rise to a series of metulae or branches, which are medium brown, smooth, subcylindrical to clavate, aseptate, base abruptly tapered to flat-tipped locus, apex with 2–4 denticles, unthickened, not darkened, giving rise to secondary ramoconidia. Primary ramoconidia fusoid-ellipsoid to subcylindrical, medium brown, smooth, septate, with 1–3 apical flat-tipped loci, unthickened, not darkened. Secondary ramoconidia straight, pale brown, smooth, septate, subcylindrical with obtuse ends, base with abrupt taper to truncate hilum, apex with 1–3 denticles, not thickened nor darkened, giving rise to branched, dry chains of acropetal conidia, pale brown, smooth to finely verruculose, subcylindrical with obtuse ends, septate, with a flat-tipped basal hilum and 1–3 apical denticles, not thickened nor darkened.

Type species. Neometulocladosporiella eucalypti Crous & M.J. Wingf.

MycoBank MB825406.

Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:349.

Fungal Planet 763 – 13 July 2018

Neometulocladosporiella eucalypti Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2

Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus, the host genus from which this fungus was collected.

Conidiophores dimorphic. Microconidiophores erect, pale brown, smooth, solitary, subcylindrical, straight to flexuous, 1–3-septate, 30–70 × 3–4 μm, giving rise to a single, terminal conidiogenous cell. Conidiogenous cells 10–50 × 3–4 μm, pale brown, smooth, clavate, with 1–3 flat-tipped apical loci, 2 μm diam, unthickened, not darkened, giving rise to ramoconidia. Macroconidiophores solitary, erect, straight to flexuous, unbranched, subcylindrical, medium brown, smooth, arising from superficial mycelium, base narrow but becoming significantly wider and darkened brown in second cell from the base, 200–600 × 10–16 μm, 5–10-septate, medium brown, smooth, clavate, giving rise to a series of up to 20 metulae or branches, 15–25 × 5–9 μm, which are medium brown, smooth, subcylindrical to clavate, aseptate, base abruptly tapered to flat-tipped locus, 2 μm diam, apex with 2–4 denticles, 1 × 1 μm, unthickened, not darkened, giving rise to secondary ramoconidia. Primary ramoconidia fusoid-ellipsoid to subcylindrical, medium brown, smooth, 0–1-septate, 12–22 × 4–5 μm, with 1–3 apical flat-tipped loci, 1 μm diam, unthickened, not darkened. Secondary ramoconidia straight, pale brown, smooth, 0–1-septate, subcylindrical with obtuse ends, 13–15 × 5–7 μm, base with abrupt taper to truncate hilum, 1–1.5 μm diam, apex with 1–3 denticles, 1 μm diam, not thickened nor darkened, giving rise to branched, dry chains of acropetal conidia, pale brown, smooth to finely verruculose, subcylindrical with obtuse ends, 0–1-septate, (9–)10–11(–12) × (4–)5(–6) μm, with a flat-tipped basal hilum and 1–3 apical denticles, 0.5–1 μm diam, not thickened nor darkened.

Culture characteristics — Colonies spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and even margin, covering dish after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface isabelline, reverse hazel. On PDA surface and reverse honey. On OA surface buff.

Typus. Colombia, Cali, on leaves of Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla (Myrtaceae), 26 June 2010, M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS H-23584, culture ex-type CPC 31787 = CBS 144419, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH327800.1 and MH327836.1, MycoBank MB825407).

Notes — Neometulocladosporiella resembles Metulocladosporiella (Herpotrichiellaceae), a genus associated with speckle disease on banana leaves (Crous et al. 2006, 2014, Marin-Felix et al. 2019). The fungus from Eucalyptus leaves is, however, phylogenetically distinct, being allied to Helotiales and clustering with genera such as Ciboria and Lanzia. A new genus, Neometulocladosporiella, is therefore introduced to accommodate the fungus occurring on Eucalyptus, and to distinguish it from Metulocladosporiella, which occurs on Musa spp. (Bensch et al. 2012, Marin-Felix et al. 2019).

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Lanzia allantospora (GenBank AB926099.1; Identities = 526/557 (94 %), 8 gaps (1 %)), Roseodiscus sinicus (GenBank NR_154394.1; Identities = 494/529 (93 %), 6 gaps (1 %)) and Ciboria americana (GenBank JN033399.1; Identities = 515/552 (93 %), 13 gaps (2 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Lanzia allantospora (GenBank AB926154.1; Identities = 855/859 (99 %), no gaps), Ciboria americana (GenBank JN086702.1; Identities = 792/803 (99 %), no gaps) and Lambertella subrenispora (GenBank AB926152.1; Identities = 831/851 (98 %), no gaps).

Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus trees in Colombia; conidiophores sporulating on pine needle agar, conidiogenous apparatus, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Neometulocladosporiella eucalypti.

Neometulocladosporiella eucalypti

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:350–351.

Fungal Planet 764 – 13 July 2018

Myrotheciomycetaceae Crous, fam. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Angus J Carnegie 2

Classification — Myrotheciomycetaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes.

Conidiomata superficial on media, solitary conidiophores to sporodochia, with crystalline to white or orange conidial mass; with or without basal stroma. Conidiophores, hyaline, smooth to warty, unbranched to branched, subcylindrical, with terminal and lateral conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth, phialidic, or with retrogressive conidiogenesis. Conidia aggregated in slimy mass, 0–1-septate, hyaline, smooth, fusoid-ellipsoid, apex subobtuse, base truncate, unthickened.

Type genus. Myrotheciomyces Crous.

MycoBank MB825408.

Notes — The family Myrotheciomycetaceae presently includes Emericellopsis, Leucosphaerina, Myrotheciomyces and Trichothecium.

Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:351.

Fungal Planet 764 – 13 July 2018

Myrotheciomyces Crous, gen. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Angus J Carnegie 2

Etymology. Name reflects a similarity to the genus Myrothecium.

Conidiomata superficial on media, sporodochial, round to irregular, white with slimy orange conidial mass, surrounded by a loose hyphal network; basal stroma giving rise to densely aggregated conidiophores, hyaline, smooth to warty, excessively branched, subcylindrical, with terminal and lateral conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth, fusoid-ellipsoid, curved with prominent taper in upper third to a phialidic apex, with minute collarette. Conidia solitary, aggregated in slimy mass, hyaline, smooth, thick-walled, granular, aseptate, fusoid-ellipsoid, apex subobtuse, base truncate, unthickened.

Type species. Myrotheciomyces corymbiae Crous.

MycoBank MB825409.

Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:351.

Fungal Planet 764 – 13 July 2018

Myrotheciomyces corymbiae Crous, sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Angus J Carnegie 2

Etymology. Name refers to Corymbia, the host genus from which this fungus was collected.

Conidiomata superficial on media, sporodochial, round to irregular, 200–400 μm diam, white with slimy orange conidial mass, surrounded by a loose hyphal network; basal stroma giving rise to densely aggregated conidiophores, hyaline, smooth to warty, excessively branched, subcylindrical, up to 150 μm long, 3–5 μm diam, with terminal and lateral conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth, fusoid-ellipsoid, curved with prominent taper in upper third to a phialidic apex, 2 μm diam, with minute collarette, 20–27 × 4–5 μm. Conidia solitary, aggregated in slimy mass, hyaline, smooth, thick-walled, granular, aseptate, fusoid-ellipsoid, apex subobtuse, base truncate, 2 μm diam, unthickened, (13–)16–18(–20) × (5–)6 μm.

Culture characteristics — Colonies spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and even margin, covering dish after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface ochreous, reverse luteous. On PDA surface pale luteous, reverse amber. On OA surface ochreous to saffron.

Typus. Australia, New South Wales, Dyraaba, Dyraaba plantation, S28°47′20.5″ E152°49′03″, on leaves of Corymbia variegata (Myrtaceae), 14 Mar. 2015, A.J. Carnegie (holotype CBS H-23583, culture ex-type CPC 33206 = CBS 144420, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH327801.1 and MH327837.1, MycoBank MB825410).

Notes — Morphologically, the present collection resembles species accommodated in the Myrothecium complex. The Myrothecium generic complex was recently treated by Lombard et al. (2016), none of which cluster with the fungus from Corymbia, which is allied to hypocrealean isolates identified as Trichothecium, Niesslia and Leucosphaerina. The new genus, Myrotheciomyces, is therefore introduced to accommodate the fungus occurring on Corymbia.

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Niesslia exilis (GenBank MG826991.1; Identities = 552/636 (87 %), 56 gaps (8 %)), Trichothecium ovalisporum (GenBank NR_111321.1; Identities = 539/623 (87 %), 52 gaps (8 %)) and Trichothecium roseum (GenBank EU552162.1; Identities = 546/638 (86 %), 44 gaps (6 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Niesslia exilis (GenBank MG826794.1; Identities = 854/866 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)), Trichothecium roseum (GenBank JX458860.1; Identities = 773/786 (98 %), no gaps) and Leucosphaerina indica (GenBank AF096194.1; Identities = 854/869 (98 %), 2 gaps (0 %)).

Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus trees; conidiomata sporulating on pine needle agar (scale bar = 400 μm), conidiogenous cells and conidia (scale bars = 10 μm).

Myrotheciomyces corymbiae.

Myrotheciomyces corymbiae

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:352–353.

Fungal Planet 765 – 13 July 2018

Eucalyptostroma eucalyptorum Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2

Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus, the host genus from which this fungus was collected.

Classification — Chaetosphaeriaceae, Chaetosphaeriales, Sordariomycetes.

Conidiomata scattered to gregarious, consisting of dense synnemata, 100–300 × 20–70 μm; stem consisting of aggregated conidiophores, hyaline, smooth, 2–3 μm diam, flaring outwards in upper conidiogenous region to form a yellow-orange slimy conidial mass. Conidiogenous region consisting of a series of branches (up to 6), giving rise to lateral and terminal conidiogenous cells; branches subcylindrical, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, 9–12 × 2–3 μm. Conidiogenous cells elongated ampulliform, pale luteous, smooth, phialidic at apex, 1.5 μm diam, with short collarette, 1–2 μm long, 13–16 × 2–3 μm. Conidia solitary, smooth, aseptate, fusoid-ellipsoid in upper third, apex subobtuse, base truncate, 1 μm diam, (4–)5(–6) × (1.5–)2(–2.5) μm.

Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading, with sparse to moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, even margin, reaching 12 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface pale luteous, reverse luteous. On PDA surface and reverse umber in centre, pale luteous in outer region. On OA surface luteous in centre, pale luteous in outer region.

Typus. Colombia, Llanos, on leaves of Eucalyptus pellita (Myrtaceae), July 2010, M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS H-23582, culture ex-type CPC 31800 = CBS 144421, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH327802.1 and MH327838.1, MycoBank MB825411).

Notes — The monotypic genus Eucalyptostroma was recently introduced for a hyphomycete occurring on Eucalyptus leaves in Malaysia (Crous et al. 2016a). Eucalyptostroma eucalyptorum which also occurs on Eucalyptus leaves, but in Colombia, is distinguished by forming more synnematal conidiomata, and having slightly larger conidia than E. eucalypti (3–4.5 × 2 μm). Eucalyptostroma is recognized on leaves by forming slimy, yellow-orange conidial massed on either synnemata or sporodochia.

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Eucalyptostroma eucalypti (GenBank NR_154027.1; Identities = 517/536 (96 %), 7 gaps (1 %)), Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa (GenBank JF340253.1; Identities = 403/474 (85 %), 32 gaps (6 %)) and Codinaea pini (GenBank NR_137943.1; Identities = 351/401 (88 %), 13 gaps (3 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Eucalyptostroma eucalypti (GenBank KY173500.1; Identities = 806/818 (99 %), 3 gaps (0 %)), Paliphora intermedia (GenBank EF204500.1; Identities = 790/827 (96 %), 1 gap (0 %)) and Chaetosphaeria curvispora (GenBank GU180636.1; Identities = 796/838 (95 %), no gaps).

Colour illustrations. Symptomatic Eucalyptus leaves; agar colony with sporulation, synnemata, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Eucalyptostroma eucalyptorum.

Eucalyptostroma eucalyptorum

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:354–355.

Fungal Planet 766 – 13 July 2018

Oidiodendron eucalypti Crous, sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2, Treena I Burgess 3, Giles EStJ Hardy 3

Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus, the host genus from which this fungus was collected.

Classification — Myxotrichaceae, Onygenales, Eurotiomycetes.

Conidiophores solitary, erect, flexuous, unbranched, with dry conidial masses, 80–160 × 2–2.5 μm, 4–6-septate. Fertile hyphae developing in upper third of conidiophore, 2–2.5 μm diam, dichotomously branched, fragmenting to form long chains of up to 10 conidia in a dry conidiogenous head. Conidia thin-walled, subhyaline, subglobose to cylindrical, (2–)3–4(–5) × (1.5–)2 μm, with asperulate perispore.

Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with mo-derate aerial mycelium and even lobate margin, reaching 7 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface smoke-grey, reverse umber with diffuse umber pigment.

Typus. Australia, New South Wales, Gnupa State Forest, on leaves of Eucalyptus maidenii (Myrtaceae), 29 Nov. 2016, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23579, culture ex-type CPC 32659 = CBS 144423, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH327803.1 and MH327839.1, MycoBank MB825412).

Notes — The genus Oidiodendron, which commonly occurs in soil and on plant litter, was treated by Rice & Currah (2005), who provided keys to 23 species. Phylogenetically, O. eucalypti is related to O. truncatum, from which it can be distinguished based on its conidia. Conidia of O. truncatum are dark at maturity, barrel-shaped, truncate with distinct apical scars and reticulate ornamentation, (2–)3.5(–5) × (1–)2.5(–3.5) μm (Rice & Currah 2005).

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Oidiodendron tenuissimum (GenBank AF307773.1; Identities = 489/503 (97 %), 3 gaps (0 %)), Oidiodendron griseum (GenBank AF062797.1; Identities = 495/510 (97 %), 1 gap (0 %)) and Oidiodendron fuscum (GenBank NR_111035.1; Identities = 495/510 (97 %), 3 gaps (0 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Oidiodendron truncatum (GenBank KF835845.1; Identities = 860/877 (98 %), 1 gap (0 %)), Myxotrichum deflexum (GenBank AY541491.1; Identities = 857/885 (97 %), no gaps) and Eremascus fertilis (GenBank HQ540515.1; Identities = 807/838 (96 %), 2 gaps (0 %)).

Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus trees in Gnupa State Forest; conidiophores, conidiogenous cells with conidial chains, and conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Oidiodendron eucalypti.

Oidiodendron eucalypti

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:356–357.

Fungal Planet 767 – 13 July 2018

Lareunionomyces eucalypti Crous, sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2, Treena I Burgess 3, Giles EStJ Hardy 3

Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus, the host genus from which this fungus was collected.

Classification — Neolauriomycetaceae, Helotiales, Leotiomycetes.

Conidiophores solitary, erect, dark brown, finely roughened towards basal region, thick-walled, straight to slightly flexuous, unbranched, subcylindrical, arising from superficial hyphae, base lacking rhizoids, 60–160 × 5–6 μm, 2–7-septate. Conidiogenous region consisting of a penicillate series of branches. Primary branches brown, smooth, aseptate, subcylindrical to clavate, 6–15 × 4–5 μm. Secondary and tertiary branches pale brown, subcylindrical, smooth, 6–8 × 2–3 μm, giving rise to 1–4 conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells subcylindrical, pale brown, smooth, 7–20 × 2–3 μm; apex proliferating inconspicuously percurrently, collarettes if present cylindrical, inconspicuous. Conidia aggregating in mucoid mass, hyaline, smooth, cylindrical, apex obtuse, base truncate, (3.5–)5–6(–7) × 2(–2.5) μm.

Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with sparse aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching 7 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface umber, reverse sienna to umber, with diffuse umber pigment on OA.

Typus. Australia, Victoria, Drummer Forest, on leaves of Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae), 30 Nov. 2016, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23578, culture ex-type CPC 32621 = CBS 144424, ITS, LSU, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 sequences GenBank MH327804.1, MH327840.1, MH327867.1, MH327878.1 and MH327889.1, MycoBank MB825413).

Notes — The monotypic genus Lareunionomyces was established for a genus of hyphomycetes occurring on leaves of Syzygium jambos in La Réunion (Crous et al. 2016b). Lareunionomyces eucalypti is allied to L. syzygii, but distinct from it in that the latter species has shorter conidiophores, 50–100 × 5–8 μm, up to 8 series of branches in the conidiogenous head, and smaller conidia, (3.5–)4(–5) × (1.5–)2 μm (Crous et al. 2016b). For details on Neolauriomycetaceae see Neolauriomyces eucalypti in Fungal Planet 768.

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Lareunionomyces syzygii (GenBank NR_145315.1; Identities = 529/542 (98 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), Neofabraea inaequalis (GenBank NR_155470.1; Identities = 498/545 (91 %), 14 gaps (2 %)) and Phlyctema vagabunda (GenBank KT923789.1; Identities = 497/546 (91 %), 17 gaps (3 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Lareunionomyces syzygii (GenBank KX228338.1; Identities = 861/875 (98 %), no gaps), Exochalara longissima (GenBank HQ609476.1; Identities = 856/875 (98 %), no gaps) and Davidhawksworthia ilicicola (GenBank KU728555.1; Identities = 847/884 (96 %), 10 gaps (1 %)). Closest hits using the rpb2 sequence had highest similarity to Trichoderma cf. stilbohypoxyli (GenBank EU241502.1; Identities = 214/265 (81 %), 4 gaps (1 %)), Trichoderma hispanicum (GenBank JN715600.1; Identities = 212/265 (80 %), 4 gaps (1 %)) and Trichoderma paraviridescens (GenBank KT343762.1; Identities = 213/267 (80 %), 4 gaps (1 %)). Closest hits using the tef1 sequence had highest similarity to Acephala applanata (GenBank DQ274571.1; Identities = 217/251 (86 %), 9 gaps (3 %)), Ulocladium alternariae (GenBank AY375370.1; Identities = 219/255 (86 %), 8 gaps (3 %)) and Cadophora viticola (GenBank HQ661081.1; Identities = 206/236 (87 %), 7 gaps (2 %)). Closest hits using the tub2 sequence had highest similarity to Amorphotheca resinae (GenBank XM_024862766.1; Identities = 679/776 (88 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), Hymenoscyphus subsymmetricus (GenBank KJ472286.1; Identities = 651/743 (88 %), 4 gaps (0 %)) and Hymenoscyphus subpallescens (GenBank KJ472284.1; Identities = 638/733 (87 %), 2 gaps (0 %)).

Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus trees at Drummer Forest; conidiophores sporulating on SNA, showing conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Lareunionomyces eucalypti.

Lareunionomyces eucalypti

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:358–359.

Fungal Planet 768 – 13 July 2018

Neolauriomycetaceae Crous, fam. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2, Treena I Burgess 3, Giles EStJ Hardy 3

Classification — Neolauriomycetaceae, Helotiales, Leotiomycetes.

Conidiophores solitary, erect, subcylindrical, straight, slightly flexuous, unbranched, medium brown, smooth, septate, terminating in a phialide, or in a penicillate head: primary branches subcylindrical to doliiform, medium brown, smooth. Secondary branches doliiform to subcylindrical, medium brown, smooth, giving rise to phialides. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, ampulliform, medium brown, smooth, including the apical collarette, cylindrical, medium brown. Conidia occurring in chains, unbranched, hyaline, smooth-walled, cylindrical, aseptate, ends truncate.

Type genus. Neolauriomyces Crous.

MycoBank MB825414.

Notes — The family Neolauriomycetaceae presently contains three genera, namely Exochalara, Lareunionomyces and Neolauriomyces.

Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:359.

Fungal Planet 768 – 13 July 2018

Neolauriomyces Crous, gen. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2, Treena I Burgess 3, Giles EStJ Hardy 3

Etymology. Named reflects a similarity to the genus Lauriomyces.

Conidiophores solitary, erect, subcylindrical, straight, slightly flexuous, unbranched, medium brown, smooth, septate. Conidiogenous head penicillate, primary branches subcylindrical to doliiform, medium brown, smooth. Secondary branches doliiform to subcylindrical, medium brown, smooth, giving rise to 1–2 phialides Conidiogenous cells phialidic, ampulliform, medium brown, smooth, including the apical collarette, cylindrical, mephialides. dium brown. Conidia occurring in long dry chains, unbranched, hyaline, smooth-walled, cylindrical, aseptate, ends truncate.

Type species. Neolauriomyces eucalypti Crous.

MycoBank MB825415.

Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:359.

Fungal Planet 768 – 13 July 2018

Neolauriomyces eucalypti Crous, sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2, Treena I Burgess 3, Giles EStJ Hardy 3

Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus, the host genus from which this fungus was collected.

Conidiophores solitary, erect, subcylindrical, straight, slightly flexuous, unbranched, medium brown, smooth, 4–8-septate, 40–120 × 5–6 μm. Conidiogenous head penicillate, primary branches subcylindrical to doliiform, medium brown, smooth, 4–6 × 4–5 μm. Secondary branches doliiform to subcylindrical, medium brown, smooth, 3–5 × 4–5 μm, giving rise to 1–2 phialides. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, ampulliform, medium brown, smooth, 10–14 × 3–5 μm, including the apical collarette, cylindrical, medium brown, 4–7 × 1.5–2 μm. Conidia occurring in long dry chains (20–40), unbranched, hyaline, smooth-walled, cylindrical, aseptate, ends truncate, 4(–5) × 1.5 μm.

Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading, with sparse aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching 12 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface and reverse umber.

Typus. Australia, Victoria, Drummer Forest, on leaves of Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae), 30 Nov. 2016, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23577, culture ex-type CPC 32623 = CBS 144425, ITS, LSU, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 sequences GenBank MH327805.1, MH327841.1, MH327868.1, MH327879.1 and MH327890.1, MycoBank MB825416).

Additional material examined. Australia, New South Wales, Nullica State Forest, on Eucalyptus leaf litter (Myrtaceae), 29 Nov. 2016, P.W. Crous, CPC 32613, ITS, LSU, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 sequences GenBank MH327806.1, MH327842.1, MH327869.1, MH327880.1 and MH327891.1.

Notes — Although Neolauriomyces resembles Lauriomyces morphologically (Crous et al. 2009), the genus Neolauriomyces is phylogenetically related to Exochalara and Lareunionomyces. Exochalara is quite distinct from Neolauriomyces in having solitary conidiophores with percurrent proliferation that terminate in a phialide giving rise to chains of conidia (Gams & Holubová-Jechová 1976). Neolauriomyces is also distinct from Lareunionomyces because its phialides are widely dispersed (not densely aggregated) and have prominently ampulliform phialides with long collarettes. Based on the tef1 and tub2 sequences, the two isolates of Neolauriomyces eucalypti considered in this study might actually represent two cryptic species but additional strains are required to resolve this question.

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Lareunionomyces syzygii (GenBank NR_145315.1; Identities = 521/543 (96 %), 7 gaps (1 %)), Neofabraea inaequalis (GenBank NR_155470.1; Identities = 496/545 (91 %), 13 gaps (2 %)) and Pseudofabraea citricarpa (GenBank NR_154319.1; Identities = 491/539 (91 %), 14 gaps (2 %)). The ITS sequences of CPC 32613 and 32623 are identical (539/539). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Exochalara longissima (GenBank HQ609476.1; Identities = 857/875 (98 %), no gaps), Lareunionomyces syzygii (GenBank KX228338.1; Identities = 846/875 (97 %), no gaps) and Davidhawksworthia ilicicola (GenBank KU728555.1; Identities = 852/884 (96 %), 10 gaps (1 %)). The LSU sequences of CPC 32613 and 32623 are identical (875/875).

Colour illustrations. Symptomatic Eucalyptus leaves; conidiophores sporulating on SNA, conidiogenous cells and long conidial chains. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Neolauriomyces eucalypti.

Neolauriomyces eucalypti

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:360–361.

Fungal Planet 769 – 13 July 2018

Nullicamyces Crous, gen. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2, Treena I Burgess 3, Giles EStJ Hardy 3

Etymology. Name refers to Nullica State Forest, Australia, where this fungus was collected.

Classification — Chaetothyriaceae, Chaetothyriales, Eurotiomycetes.

Mycelium consisting of pale brown, smooth, branched, septate hyphae. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells on hyphae. Pseudocercospora-like morph: Conidiogenous cells inconspicuous on hyphae, not thickened nor darkened. Conidia solitary, long flexuous, obclavate, apex obtuse, base obconically truncate, multiseptate, pale brown, smooth; frequently giving rise to secondary conidia via microcyclic conidiation. Matsushimaea-like morph: Conidiogenous cells reduced to loci on hyphae, inconspicuous. Conidia solitary, pale brown, smooth, initial cell ellipsoid, aseptate, forming acropetal chains of conidia that bud irregularly; conidia appearing star-shaped with radiating arms of ellipsoid cells all linked to the basal, initial cell.

Type species. Nullicamyces eucalypti Crous.

MycoBank MB825417.

Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:361.

Fungal Planet 769 – 13 July 2018

Nullicamyces eucalypti Crous, sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2, Treena I Burgess 3, Giles EStJ Hardy 3

Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus, the host genus from which this fungus was collected.

Mycelium consisting of pale brown, smooth, branched, septate, 2–2.5 μm diam hyphae. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells on hyphae. Pseudocercospora-like morph: Conidiogenous cells inconspicuous on hyphae, 2–3 μm diam, not thickened nor darkened. Conidia solitary, long flexuous, obclavate, apex obtuse, base obconically truncate, multiseptate, pale brown, smooth, 25–150 × 2–3 μm; frequently giving rise to secondary conidia via microcyclic conidiation. Matsushimaea-like morph: Conidiogenous cells reduced to loci on hyphae, inconspicuous, 2–3 μm diam. Conidia solitary, pale brown, smooth, initial cell ellipsoid, aseptate, forming acropetal chains of conidia that bud irregularly; conidia appearing star-shaped with radiating arms of ellipsoid cells all linked to the basal, initial cell; cells 5–12 × 2.5–5 μm.

Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and feathery margin, reaching 4 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface grey olivaceous, and reverse olivaceous grey.

Typus. Australia, New South Wales, Nullica State Forest, on Eucalyptus leaf litter (Myrtaceae), 29 Nov. 2016, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23576, culture ex-type CPC 32942 = CBS 144426, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH327807.1 and MH327843.1, MycoBank MB825418).

Notes — Nullicamyces is a new genus in the Chaetothyriaceae that is unique due to the fact that it is dimorphic, forming matsushimaea-like and pseudocercospora-like morphs in culture.

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Chaetothyrium brischoficola (GenBank NR_132849.1; Identities = 432/496 (87 %), 29 gaps (5 %)), Aphanophora eugeniae (GenBank NR_132829; Identities = 523/602 (87 %), 36 gaps (5 %)) and Ceramothyrium ficus (GenBank NR_154800.1; Identities = 469/543 (86 %), 28 gaps (5 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Ceramothyrium podocarpi (GenBank NG_042751.1; Identities = 785/818 (96 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), Ceramothyrium carniolicum (GenBank KC455251.1; Identities = 783/818 (96 %), 1 gap (0 %)) and Ceramothyrium thailandicum (GenBank KP324930.1; Identities = 781/818 (95 %), no gaps).

Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus trees at Nullica State Forest; dimorphic conidiophores, with matsushimaea-like conidia at the top, and long, slender pseudocercospora-like conidia at the bottom. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Nullicamyces eucalypti.

Nullicamyces eucalypti

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:362–363.

Fungal Planet 770 – 13 July 2018

Porodiplodiaceae Crous, fam. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2, Treena I Burgess 3, Giles EStJ Hardy 3

Classification — Porodiplodiaceae, Helotiales, Leotiomycetes.

Conidiomata eustromatic, uni- to multilocular, brown, globose, aggregated on agar, ostiolate, or hyphomycetous, forming clusters of conidiophores. Conidiophores lining inner cavity of conidioma, subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, branched, septate, proliferating percurrently near apex, or occurring in clusters on hyphae, septate, subcylindrical, with upper cells pigmented; conidiogenous cells proliferating percurrently, or phialidic, with prominent collarettes. Conidia in chains, fusoid-ellipsoid to subcylindrical, hyaline to medium brown, smooth to finely verruculose, guttulate, 0–1-septate.

Type genus. Porodiplodia Crous.

MycoBank MB825419.

Notes — The family Porodiplodiaceae presently contains two genera, namely Porodiplodia and a chalara-like fungus, Chalara clidemiae (see Crous et al. 2016b), as well as a strain identified as Chalara africana (OC0018).

Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:363.

Fungal Planet 770 – 13 July 2018

Porodiplodia Crous, gen. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2, Treena I Burgess 3, Giles EStJ Hardy 3

Etymology. Name refers to a morphological similarity to the genus Diplodia, but with conidia having a minute basal pore in the hilum.

Conidiomata eustromatic, uni- to multilocular, brown, globose, aggregated on agar, ostiolate. Conidiophores lining inner cavity, subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, branched, septate, proliferating percurrently near apex. Paraphyses intermingled among conidiophores, hyaline, smooth, septate, subcylindrical with obtuse ends Conidia in short chains (–3), fusoid-ellipsoid to subcylindriends. cal, medium brown, finely verruculose, guttulate, thick-walled, 1-septate, apex obtuse (at times with central pore), base truncate with central pore, 2 μm diam.

Type species. Porodiplodia livistonae Crous.

MycoBank MB825420.

Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:363.

Fungal Planet 770 – 13 July 2018

Porodiplodia livistonae Crous, sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2, Treena I Burgess 3, Giles EStJ Hardy 3

Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Livistona from which it was isolated.

Conidiomata eustrommatic, uni- to multilocular, brown, globose, 180–250 μm, aggregated on agar, ostiolate. Conidiophores lining inner cavity, subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, 1–3-septate, 15–25 × 2.5–3.5 μm, proliferating percurrently near apex. Paraphyses intermingled among conidiophores, hyaline, smooth, septate, subcylindrical with obtuse ends, 25–35 × 3–4 μm. Conidia in short chains (–3), fusoid-ellipsoid to subcylindrical, medium brown, finely verruculose, guttulate, thick-walled, 1-septate, apex obtuse, base truncate with central pore, 2 μm diam, (14–)15–17(–20) × 5(–6) μm.

Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching 17 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface cinnamon to buff, reverse sienna. On PDA surface saffron, reverse cinnamon. On OA surface cinnamon, with diffuse cinnamon pigment.

Typus. Australia, New South Wales, Murramarang National Park, on leaves of Livistona australis (Arecaceae), 27 Nov. 2016, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23574, culture ex-type CPC 32154 = CBS 144428, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH327809.1 and MH327845.1, MycoBank MB825421).

Notes — A genus that should be compared to Porodiplodia is the monotypic genus Hendersonina, based on H. sacchari. Hendersonina sacchari is a fungus that has been implicated with collar rot of sugarcane, though it is accepted to be of minor importance (Nyvall 2013). The morphology of the monotypic genus Hendersonina has remained somewhat confused. Sutton (1980) described the conidiomata as eustromatic, but showed conidia as being fusoid to somewhat cylindrical, 1-septate, with a dark, thickened scar at each end (conidia from different specimens given as 21–28 × 5.5–9.5 μm, 19–29 × 4–5 μm, 17–24 × 4–5 μm). The conidiogenesis was described and illustrated as (not observed in original material) enteroblastic, phialidic, with prominent periclinal thickening. The matter was further confused in that Butler & Khan (1913) also referred to hyaline, aseptate secondary conidia.

The two species of Porodiplodia studied here in culture are characterised by eustromatic conidiomata, and conidia occurring in short chains. Although a pore was observed at both ends in several conidia, this was rather uncommon. They were never thickened and darkened, and were found only in secondary and tertiary conidia. Porodiplodia differs from Hendersonina due to its branched conidiophores, conidia lacking scars, and being conspicuously 1-septate (septa in Hendersonina are thin-walled). It differs from other genera allied to Diplodia (Phillips et al. 2013, Yang et al. 2017) in having conidia occurring in short chains, with visible central pores in their hila.

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Chalara clidemiae (GenBank NR_145313.1; Identities = 521/540 (96 %), 1 gap (0 %)), Mollisia caespiticia (GenBank KY965813.1; Identities = 496/531 (93 %), 2 gaps (0 %)) and Pezizella discreta (GenBank JF908571.1; Identities = 509/550 (93 %), 3 gaps (0 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Chalara clidemiae (GenBank KX228321.1; Identities = 864/871 (99 %), no gaps), Chalara africana (GenBank FJ176249.1; Identities = 840/855 (98 %), 2 gaps (0 %)) and Urceolella crispula (GenBank JN086682.1; Identities = 859/892 (96 %), 1 gap (0 %)).

Colour illustrations. Livistona australis at Murramarang National Park; conidiomata sporulating on PDA (scale bar = 250 μm), conidiogenous cells and conidia (scale bars = 10 μm).

Porodiplodia livistonae.

Porodiplodia livistonae

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:364–365.

Fungal Planet 771 – 13 July 2018

Tracyllalales Crous, ord. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2

MycoBank MB825422.

Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:365.

Fungal Planet 771 – 13 July 2018

Tracyllaceae Crous, fam. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2

Classification — Tracyllaceae, Tracyllalales, Sordariomycetes.

Pycnothyria superficial on leaves, round, brown, with central column of cells; ostiole lacking, margin of catenate, darker brown cells. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells arising from a central columella, doliiform to ellipsoid, hyaline, smooth, with a single conidiogenous locus, phialidic. Conidia solitary, hyaline, aseptate, smooth, guttulate, falcate to naviculate or ellipsoid, apex subobtusely rounded, base truncate; with or withhyaline, aseptate, smooth, guttulate, falcate to naviculate or out unbranched polar appendages, not delimited by septa.

Type genus. Tracylla (Sacc.) Tassi.

MycoBank MB825423.

Notes — Tracyllalales presently only includes Tracylla.

Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:365.

Fungal Planet 771 – 13 July 2018

Tracylla eucalypti Crous, sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2

Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus, the host genus from which this fungus was collected.

Pycnothyria superficial on leaves, round, brown, surface of textura epidermoidea, 50–80 μm diam; ostiole lacking, margin of catenate, darker brown cells. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells arising from a central columella, doliiform to ellipsoid, with a single conidiogenous locus, phialidic, 4–5 × 3–4 μm. Conidia solitary, hyaline, aseptate, smooth, guttulate, falcate, apex subobtusely rounded, base truncate, 1–1.5 μm diam, (12–)17–19(–20) × (2.5–)3 μm.

Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and feathery margin, reaching 60 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface olivaceous grey to leaden black, forming long ropes of ellipsoid, brown, smooth chlamydospores. Cultures sterile.

Typus. Colombia, Cali, on leaves of Eucalyptus urophylla (Myrtaceae), July 2010, M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS H-23573, culture ex-type CPC 31806 = CBS 144429, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH327810.1 and MH327846.1, MycoBank MB825424).

Additional material examined. Colombia, Cali, on leaves of Eucalyptus urophylla (Myrtaceae), July 2010, M.J. Wingfield, CPC 31777 = CBS 144430, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH327811.1 and MH327847.1.

Notes — The genus Tracylla (based on T. spartinae, occurring on Spartina patens, and several other grasses) was considered by Hernández-Restrepo et al. (2016b). Tracylla eucalypti, which lacks conidial appendages, clusters with T. aristata, which was originally described from Eucalyptus leaf litter collected in Australia (Nag Raj 1993). By adding the present collection to the genus, we expand the circumscription of Tracylla to include taxa lacking conidial appendages. Unfortunately, cultures of T. eucalypti were sterile, and the conidiomatal development could not be fully elucidated.

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence of CPC 31777 had highest similarity to Tracylla aristata (GenBank NR_154519.1; Identities = 533/575 (93 %), 15 gaps (2 %)). The ITS sequences of CPC 31777 and CPC 31806 were identical (565/565). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Tracylla aristata (GenBank KX306795.1; Identities = 825/835 (99 %), no gaps), Rhexodenticula cylindrospora (GenBank KM485039.1; Identities = 815/866 (94 %), no gaps) and Coniochaetidium savoryi (GenBank AY346276.1; Identities = 837/891 (94 %), no gaps). The LSU sequences of CPC 31777 and CPC 31806 were identical (817/817).

Colour illustrations. Symptomatic leaves of Eucalyptus urophylla; conidioma, conidiogenous cells in vivo (top right), chlamydospore-like cells in vitro (lower left) and conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Tracylla eucalypti.

Tracylla eucalypti

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:366–367.

Fungal Planet 772 – 13 July 2018

Elsinoë elaeocarpi Crous, sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2, Treena I Burgess 3, Giles EStJ Hardy 3

Etymology. Name refers to Elaeocarpus, the host genus from which this fungus was collected.

Classification — Elsinoaceae, Myriangiales, Dothideomycetes.

Leaf spots primarily epiphyllous, irregular in outline, 1–3 mm diam, grey with feathery, dark brown border, containing brown to black ascomata. Ascomata round to ellipsoid, 150–250 μm diam. Asci obovoid, hyaline, smooth, bitunicate, 30–55 × 20–25 μm, 8-spored, with well-defined apical chamber, 4–5 μm diam. Ascospores hyaline, smooth, fusoid-ellipsoid, constricted at median septum, widest just above septum with 5–7 transverse and 3–4 vertical septa, (22–)25–28 × (6–)7(–8) μm.

Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading, with sparse aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching 5–7 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface and reverse iron-grey.

Typus. Australia, Victoria, close to Eden, on leaves of Elaeocarpus sp. (Elaeocarpaceae), 29 Nov. 2016, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23572, culture ex-type CPC 32853 = CBS 144431, ITS, LSU and rpb2 sequences GenBank MH327812.1, MH327848.1 and MH327870.1, MycoBank MB825425).

Notes — The genus Elsinoë was recently treated by Fan et al. (2017), providing an overview phylogeny for the majority of the species presently known from culture. Elsinoë elaeocarpi is phylogenetically allied to E. banksiigena (see Fungal Planet 782) and E. eucalyptigena (both only known from Australia), and represents a phylogenetically distinct taxon on Elaeocarpus.

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Elsinoë verbenae (GenBank KX887299.1; Identities = 439/532 (83 %), 37 gaps (6 %)), Elsinoë fawcettii (GenBank KF010881.1; Identities = 439/533 (82 %), 43 gaps (8 %)) and Elsinoë tiliae (GenBank KX887296.1; Identities = 435/530 (82 %), 35 gaps (6 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Elsinoë fawcettii (GenBank JN940382.1; Identities = 686/730 (94 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), Sphaceloma erythrinae (GenBank JN940392.1; Identities = 686/731 (94 %), 3 gaps (0 %)) and Elsinoë eucalypticola (GenBank GQ303306.1; Identities = 685/730 (94 %), 2 gaps (0 %)). Closest hits using the rpb2 sequence had highest similarity to Myriangium hispanicum (GenBank GU371744.1; Identities = 771/1 045 (74 %), 4 gaps (0 %)), Mendogia macrostroma (GenBank KU940162.1; Identities = 767/1 047 (73 %), 4 gaps (0 %)) and Strangospora pinicola (GenBank AY641080.1; Identities = 761/1 046 (73 %), 6 gaps (0 %)).

Colour illustrations. Forest in Victoria, close to Eden; foliar lesion on Elaeocarpus sp., asci with ascospores (in vivo). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Elsinoë elaeocarpi.

Elsinoë elaeocarpi

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:368–369.

Fungal Planet 773 – 13 July 2018

Idriellomyces Crous, gen. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2, Treena I Burgess 3, Giles EStJ Hardy 3

Etymology. Name reflects a similarity to the genus Idriella.

Classification — Phlogicylindriaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes.

Mycelium consisting of hyaline to olivaceous, smooth, septate, branched hyphae. Conidiophores arising from superficial mycelium, brown, smooth, septate, branched, aggregated into thick, erect synnemata, consisting of branched conidiophores with apical and intercalary conidiogenous cells; lateral conidiophores arising from synnemata, septate. Conidiogenous cells medium brown, smooth, subcylindrical with apical taper to a rachis containing several darkened scars. Conidia aseptate, solitary, dry, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, fusoid, apex subobtuse, base truncate.

Type species. Idriellomyces eucalypti Crous.

MycoBank MB825426.

Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:369.

Fungal Planet 773 – 13 July 2018

Idriellomyces eucalypti Crous, sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2, Treena I Burgess 3, Giles EStJ Hardy 3

Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus, the host genus from which this fungus was collected.

Mycelium consisting of hyaline to olivaceous, smooth, septate, branched hyphae, 1.5–2 μm diam. Conidiophores arising from superficial mycelium, brown, smooth, septate, branched, aggregated into thick, erect synnemata, up to 200 μm tall and 60 μm diam, consisting of branched conidiophores with apical and intercalary conidiogenous cells; lateral conidiophores arising from synnemata, 15–40 × 2–2.5 μm, 1–3-septate. Conidiogenous cells medium brown, smooth, subcylindrical with apical taper to a rachis containing several darkened scars, 0.5 μm diam, 8–20 × 2–2.5 μm. Conidia aseptate, solitary, dry, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, fusoid, apex subobtuse, base truncate, 0.5 μm diam, (5–)6.5–7(–8) × 1.5(–2) μm.

Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading, with sparse aerial mycelium and even, smooth margin, reaching 12 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface and reverse umber. On PDA surface sepia, reverse isabelline. On OA surface cinnamon with patches of sienna.

Typus. Australia, Victoria, Silvan Reservoir Park, on leaves of Eucalyptus obliqua (Myrtaceae), 1 Dec. 2016, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23571, culture ex-type CPC 32632 = CBS 144432, ITS, LSU, tef1 and tub2 sequences GenBank MH327813.1, MH327849.1, MH327881.1 and MH327893.1, MycoBank MB825427).

Notes — The genus Idriella (based on I. lunata) was treated by Hernández-Restrepo et al. (2016a) and shown to reside in the Microdochiaceae. The genus Idriellomyces is somewhat similar to Idriella in morphology, but represents a distinct genus in the family. Idriellomyces is morphologically distinct in that it lacks chlamydospores, conidiophores are pigmented and frequently aggregated in synnemata.

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Cylindrium elongatum (GenBank KM231853.1; Identities = 457/540 (85 %), 37 gaps (6 %)), Neopestalotiopsis piceana (GenBank KM199372.1; Identities = 464/549 (85 %), 37 gaps (6 %)) and Neopestalotiopsis aotearoa (GenBank KM199369.1; Identities = 464/549 (85 %), 37 gaps (6 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Castanediella cagnizarii (GenBank KP858988.1; Identities = 818/849 (96 %), 1 gap (0 %)), Anungitea eucalyptorum (GenBank KJ869176.1; Identities = 853/886 (96 %), 2 gaps (0 %)) and Pseudophloeospora eucalypti (GenBank HQ599593.1; Identities = 832/866 (96 %), 5 gaps (0 %)). No significant hits were obtained when the tef1 and tub2 sequences were used in BLASTn and megablast searches.

Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus obliqua trees at Silvan Reservoir Park; synnema on SNA, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Idriellomyces eucalypti.

Idriellomyces eucalypti

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:370–371.

Fungal Planet 774 – 13 July 2018

Cyanodermella banksiae Crous, sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2, Treena I Burgess 3, Giles EStJ Hardy 3

Etymology. Name refers to Banksia, the host genus from which this fungus was collected.

Classification — Stictidaceae, Ostropales, Lecanoromycetes.

Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate, 2–3 μm diam hyphae, immersed, forming a hyaline stroma that gives rise to brown, erect, cylindrical to slightly obpyriform ascomata (circular in outline), brown, with single locule, 150–300 × 250–300 μm; wall of crustose, medium brown cells with dark brown exudate. Asci intermingled among hyaline, smooth, septate hypha-like paraphyses, 1.5 μm diam. Asci unitunicate, cylindrical with apical mechanism, stipitate, 130–150 × 8–10 μm. Ascospores parallel in ascus, twisted, number undetermined, hyaline to olivaceous, smooth, guttulate, cylindrical, ends obtuse to subobtuse, multiseptate, and breaking into part-spores, each section (12–16 × 2.5–3 μm) containing 3 septa, with age disarticulating into aseptate phragmospores, 5–6 × 3 μm. Sterile in culture.

Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading, with sparse aerial mycelium and even, smooth margin, reaching 15 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface pale luteous to buff, and reverse sienna.

Typus. Australia, New South Wales, Australian Botanical Garden Mount Annan, on leaves of Banksia ericifolia subsp. macrantha (Proteaceae), 25 Nov. 2016, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23570, culture ex-type CPC 32105 = CBS 144433, ITS, LSU and rpb2 sequences GenBank MH327814.1, MH327850.1 and MH327871.1, MycoBank MB825428).

Notes — The sexual morph of Cyanodermella (based on C. viridula) forms erumpent, subconical ascocarps, the upper parts of which are covered in a grainy white-‘mealy’ substance. Asci are numerous, thin-walled, cylindrical, gradually tapering towards base. Ascospores are parallel, spirally twisted, filiform, multiseptate, c. 1 μm diam, and paraphyses are sparse (Eriksson 1967). The present collection clusters basal to species identified as Cyanodermella, and is consequently placed in this genus, as it is also morphologically similar to other taxa presently accommodated in Cyanodermella. Based on Van Nieuwenhuijzen et al. (2016), Cyanodermella could have phoma-like asexual morphs, although cultures of C. banksiae were sterile and this could not be confirmed.

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Cyanodermella asteris (GenBank KT758843.1; Identities = 492/587 (84 %), 23 gaps (3 %)), Cyanodermella oleoligni (GenBank NR_153930.1; Identities = 346/406 (85 %), 11 gaps (2 %)) and Xylographa septentrionalis (GenBank KJ462316.1; Identities = 307/356 (86 %), 13 gaps (3 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Cyanodermella asteris (GenBank KT758843.1; Identities = 799/846 (94 %), 4 gaps (0 %)), Cyanodermella oleoligni (GenBank KX950461.1; Identities = 763/833 (92 %), 10 gaps (1 %)) and Micropeltis zingiberacicola (GenBank JQ036227.1; Identities = 749/825 (91 %), 6 gaps (0 %)). No significant hits were obtained when the rpb2 sequence was used in a megablast search; however, a BLASTn search yielded as best hits Cyanodermella asteris (GenBank KU934214.1; Identities = 635/872 (73 %), 10 gaps (1 %)) and Cyanodermella viridula (GenBank HM244792.1; Identities = 626/877 (71 %), 29 gaps (3 %)).

Colour illustrations. Banksia ericifolia subsp. macrantha at Australian Botanical Garden Mount Annan; ascomata (in vivo) (scale bars = 300 μm), asci and ascospores (scale bars = 10 μm).

Cyanodermella banksiae.

Cyanodermella banksiae

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:372–373.

Fungal Planet 775 & 776 – 13 July 2018

Periconia cyperacearum Crous, sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2, Treena I Burgess 3, Giles EStJ Hardy 3

Etymology. Name refers to Cyperaceae, the host family from which this fungus was collected.

Classification — Periconiaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.

Conidiophores solitary, erect, subcylindrical, unbranched with branches in conidiogenous head bearing a cluster of dry conidia; thick-walled (1–2 μm diam), dark brown, finely roughened, septa 40–60 μm apart, base bulbous, 12–25 μm diam, stipe 150–350 μm tall (with percurrent rejuvenation), 10–13 μm diam. Conidiogenous head penicillate, primary branches dark brown, subcylindrical to doliiform, curved to straight, thick-walled, finely roughened, 0–1-septate, (10–)14–18(–22) × (6–)8–10(–12) μm, giving rise to 1–3 secondary branches, aseptate, doliiform to subcylindrical, medium brown, finely roughened, 8–12 × 6–7 μm; tertiary branches aseptate, doliiform to subcylindrical, medium brown, finely roughened, 5–7 × 5–6 μm, giving rise to monoblastic (rarely polyblastic) phialides, doliiform to ellipsoid, pale to medium brown, finely roughened, 5–6 × 3–4 μm. Conidia occurring in short, unbranched chains (–6), aseptate, ellipsoid to subcylindrical, medium brown, verruculose, thick-walled, (6–)7–9(–12) × (4.5–)5–6(–7) μm.

Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and even, lobate margin, reaching 12 mm diam on PDA, and 35 mm diam on MEA and OA after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface dirty white to buff, reverse cinnamon. On PDA surface buff, reverse isabelline. On OA surface isabelline with patches of dirty white.

Typus. Australia, New South Wales, Fitzroy Falls, Morton National Park, on leaves of Cyperaceae, 26 Nov. 2016, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23569, culture ex-type CPC 32138 = CBS 144434, ITS, LSU and tef1 sequences GenBank MH327815.1, MH327851.1 and MH327882.1, MycoBank MB825429).

Notes — The genus Periconia is paraphyletic and is in urgent need of revision. For the present however, we will treat this collection as part of Periconia s.lat. Periconia cyperacearum is phylogenetically distinct from all species presently known based on their DNA sequence data, being allied to P. cookei and P. homothallica (Tanaka et al. 2015). Using the key provided by Ellis (1971) it is easily distinguished from other species based on the number of conidiophore branches as well as the shape, ornamentation and conidial dimensions.

Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:373.

Fungal Planet 775 & 776 – 13 July 2018

Paracladophialophoraceae Crous, fam. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2, Treena I Burgess 3, Giles EStJ Hardy 3

Classification — Paracladophialophoraceae, Chaetothyriales, Eurotiomycetes.

Mycelium consisting of pale brown, smooth, septate, branched, hyphae. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells on hyphae, pale brown, smooth, subcylindrical, proliferating sympodially. Conidia pale brown, smooth, guttulate, fusoid-ellipsoid to subcylindrical, aseptate, occurring in branched chains; hila not thickened nor darkened.

Type genus. Paracladophialophora Crous.

MycoBank MB825430.

Notes — Paracladophialophoraceae, which presently only includes the type genus, is allied to Cyphellophoraceae, which is distinct in having solitary conidia arising from phialides and aggregating in a mucoid droplet.

Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:373.

Fungal Planet 775 & 776 – 13 July 2018

Paracladophialophora cyperacearum Crous, sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2, Treena I Burgess 3, Giles EStJ Hardy 3

Etymology. Name refers to Cyperaceae, the host family from which this fungus was collected.

Mycelium consisting of pale brown, smooth, septate, branched, 2.5–3 μm diam hyphae. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells on hyphae, pale brown, smooth, subcylindrical, 5–10 × 2.5–3 μm, proliferating sympodially. Conidia pale brown, smooth, guttulate, fusoid-ellipsoid to subcylindrical, aseptate, occurring in branched chains (–20); ramoconidia 8–10 × 2–2.5 μm; conidia 4–9 × (1.5–)2(–2.5) μm; hila not thickened nor darkened.

Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching 5 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface and reverse olivaceous grey.

Typus. Australia, New South Wales, Fitzroy Falls, Morton National Park, on leaves of Cyperaceae, 26 Nov. 2016, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23575, culture ex-type CPC 33046 = CBS 144427, ITS, LSU and tub2 sequences GenBank MH327808.1, MH327844.1 and MH327892.1, MycoBank MB825431).

Notes — The monotypic genus Paracladophialophora was established for P. carceris (on leaves of Aloe sp., collected in the prison courtyard on Robben Island, South Africa). Paracladophialophora cyperacearum is allied to P. carceris, but distinct in that the latter species has well-defined conidiophores, and longer ramoconidia (0–3-septate, (7–)9–15(–17) × (2–)2.5(–3) μm), and conidia ((6–)7–8 × (2.5–)3 μm; Crous et al. 2016a).

Colour illustrations. Cyperaceae at Fitzroy Falls, Morton National Park; Periconia cyperacearum (left column), conidiophores, in vivo (top), and in vitro (bottom). Paracladophialophora cyperacearum (right column), conidiophores sporulating on SNA, with conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Periconia cyperacearum & Paracladophialophora cyperacearum.

Periconia cyperacearum & Paracladophialophora cyperacearum

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:374–375.

Fungal Planet 777 – 13 July 2018

Teratosphaeria sieberi Crous, sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2, Treena I Burgess 3, Giles EStJ Hardy 3

Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus sieberi, the species from which this fungus was collected.

Classification — Teratosphaeriaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.

Mycelium consisting of pale to medium brown, septate, branched, 3–5 μm diam hyphae. Hyphal aggregates forming stromata which resembles brown sporodochia, up to 100 μm diam, with conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous loci direct on hyphae, 1–1.5 μm diam. Conidia solitary, ellipsoid, apex subobtuse, base truncate, aseptate, hyaline to pale brown, smooth, (4–)6–7 × (2.5–)3 μm; aggregating in brown, slimy masses.

Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobed margin, reaching 10 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface smoke grey, reverse ochreous to umber. On PDA surface smoke grey, reverse scarlet with diffuse pigment. On OA surface olivaceous grey, with diffuse scarlet pigment.

Typus. Australia, New South Wales, Barron Ground Nature Reserve, on leaves of Eucalyptus sieberi (Myrtaceae), 26 Nov. 2016, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS 144443, culture ex-type CPC 32099 = CBS 144443, ITS, LSU and rpb2 sequences GenBank MH327816.1, MH327852.1 and MH327872.1, MycoBank MB825432).

Notes — The Teratosphaeriaceae, which was recently revised by Quaedvlieg et al. (2014), includes numerous foliar pathogens of eucalypts (Hunter et al. 2011). Teratosphaeria sieberi is phylogenetically related to T. mareebensis (on leaves of Eucalyptus alba, Queensland), which is morphologically similar, but distinct from that species in having larger conidia (5–9 × 2–4 μm; Crous et al. 2011a).

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Pleuropassalora armatae (GenBank GU214640.1; Identities = 523/530 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)), Teratosphaeria considenianae (GenBank GQ852792.1; Identities = 522/530 (98 %), 1 gap (0 %)) and Teratosphaeria miniata (GenBank GQ852803.1; Identities = 518/529 (98 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Teratosphaeria mareebensis (GenBank JF951169.1; Identities = 864/866 (99 %), no gaps), Teratosphaeria complicata (GenBank GQ852714.1; Identities = 840/843 (99 %), no gaps) and Teratosphaeria hortaea (GenBank FJ790299.1; Identities = 847/852 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the rpb2 sequence had highest similarity to Teratosphaeria molleriana (GenBank KX348104.1; Identities = 778/880 (88 %), no gaps), Teratosphaeria stellenboschiana (GenBank MF951743.1; Identities = 817/929 (88 %), no gaps) and Teratosphaeria gauchensis (GenBank KX348103.1; Identities = 789/900 (88 %), no gaps).

Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus trees at Barron Ground Nature Reserve; conidiomata sporulating on SNA, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Teratosphaeria sieberi.

Teratosphaeria sieberi

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:376–377.

Fungal Planet 778 – 13 July 2018

Sporidesmiales Crous, ord. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2, Treena I Burgess 3, Giles EStJ Hardy 3

Classification — Sporidesmiaceae, Sporidesmiales, Sordariomycetes.

Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate hyphae, immersed or superficial. Conidiophores solitary or in clusters, erect, subcylindrical, unbranched, dark brown, septate. Conidiogenous cells terminal, medium brown, smooth, subcylindrical, holoblastic. Conidia dry, solitary, medium brown, smooth, obclavate to cylindrical or fusoid, straight to flexuous, apex obtuse, base obconically truncate, distoseptate.

Type family. Sporidesmiaceae Fr.

Type genus. Sporidesmium Link.

MycoBank MB 825433.

Notes — The order Sporidesmiales presently only contains the genus Sporidesmium.

Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:377.

Fungal Planet 778 – 13 July 2018

Sporidesmium melaleucae Crous, sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2, Treena I Burgess 3, Giles EStJ Hardy 3

Etymology. Name refers to Melaleuca, the host genus from which this fungus was collected.

Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate, 2–3 μm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary or in clusters, erect, subcylindrical, dark brown, 1–2-septate, 12–30 × 4–6 μm. Conidiogenous cells terminal, medium brown, smooth, subcylindrical, holoblastic, 5–20 × 4–5 μm. Conidia solitary, medium brown, smooth, obclavate, straight to flexuous, apex obtuse, base obconically truncate, 3.5–4 μm diam, 5–21-distoseptate, (45–)80–130(–170) × (8–)9–10(–11) μm.

Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, with sparse aerial mycelium and even lobate margin, reaching 10 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA and PDA surface pale luteous, reverse luteous. On OA surface umber.

Typus. Australia, New South Wales, Tulaswalla Creek, on Melaleuca sp. (Myrtaceae), 27 Nov. 2016, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23567, culture ex-type CPC 32707 = CBS 144435, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH327817.1 and MH327853.1, MycoBank MB825434).

Additional material examined. Australia, New South Wales, Tulaswalla Creek, on Melaleuca sp. (Myrtaceae), 27 Nov. 2016, P.W. Crous, CPC 32936, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MH327818.1 and MH327854.1.

Notes — The genera Sporidesmium and Ellisembia are morphologically similar (Réblová 1999), and we choose to use the older name, Sporidesmium. Phylogenetically, S. melaleucae is allied to E. bambusicola, which has obclavate to ellipsoid conidia, 9–11-distoseptate, 40–55 × 10–12 μm. Morphologically, S. melaleucae is also similar to E. bambusicola, although it has much longer conidiophores (2–4-septate, 50–100 × 4–7 μm), and smaller conidia (60–130 × 13–15 μm) (Wu & Zhuang 2005).

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence of CPC 32707 had highest similarity to Cataractispora appendiculata (GenBank KU975063.1; Identities = 322/379 (85 %), 18 gaps (4 %)), Submersisphaeria aquatica (GenBank KU975067.1; Identities = 477/583 (82 %), 30 gaps (5 %)) and Pseudoproboscispora caudae-suis (GenBank KU975068.1; Identities = 481/589 (82 %), 37 gaps (6 %)). The ITS sequences of CPC 32707 and CPC 32936 differed with 1 nucleotide (564/565). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Ellisembia bambusicola (GenBank DQ408562.1; Identities = 809/822 (98 %), no gaps), Fluminicola thailandensis (GenBank MF374368.1; Identities = 780/829 (94 %), 7 gaps (0 %)) and Fluminicola saprotrophitica (GenBank MF374367.1; Identities = 769/818 (94 %), 7 gaps (0 %)). The LSU sequences of CPC 32707 and CPC 32936 differed with 1 nucleotide (842/843).

Colour illustrations. Tulaswalla Creek; conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Sporidesmium melaleucae.

Sporidesmium melaleucae

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:378–379.

Fungal Planet 779 – 13 July 2018

Discosia macrozamiae Crous, sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2, Treena I Burgess 3, Giles EStJ Hardy 3

Etymology. Name refers to Macrozamia, the host genus from which this fungus was collected.

Classification — Sporocadaceae, Amphisphaeriales, Sordariomycetes.

Conidiomata pycnidial, erumpent, subglobose to lenticular, unilocular, dark brown, to 250 μm diam; wall of polyclonal brown cells. Conidiophores lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical to ampulliform, 0–2-septate, rarely branched at base, 7–15 × 2.5–3 μm. Conidiogenous cells terminal, integrated, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, 5–7 × 2–2.5 μm; proliferating inconspicuously percurrently at apex. Conidia cylindrical, 3-septate, pale brown, smooth with appendage at both ends, (25–)30–32(–35) × (2.5–)3 μm; basal cell 6–7 μm long, obconic with truncate hilum; second cell from base (9–)10–11(–12) μm long; third cell 4–5 μm long, with obtusely rounded apex. Appendages cellular, unbranched, filiform, excentric; apical appendage 7–11 μm long; basal appendage 10–16 μm long.

Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium, covering dish after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface olivaceous grey, and reverse iron-grey.

Typus. Australia, New South Wales, Australian Botanical Garden Mount Annan, on leaves of Macrozamia miquelii (Zamiaceae), 25 Nov. 2016, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23593, culture ex-type CPC 32113 = CBS 144436, ITS, LSU, tef1 and tub2 sequences GenBank MH327819.1, MH327855.1, MH327883.1 and MH327894.1, MycoBank MB825435).

Additional material examined. Australia, New South Wales, Australian Botanical Garden Mount Annan, on leaves of Macrozamia miquelii, CPC 32109 = CBS 144437, ITS, LSU, tef1 and tub2 sequences GenBank MH327820.1, MH327856.1, MH327884.1 and MH327895.1.

Notes — In a phylogenetic treatment of Discosia, Tanaka et al. (2011) established genera for former ‘sections’ of the genus, recognizing Adisciso (Discosia spp. with a sexual morph), and Immersidiscosia (species occurring on Eucalyptus). Following the ‘one fungus one name’ approach, it is preferable to treat Adisciso under the older name, Discosia. The present collection is allied to, but distinct from, species presently recognized in this subclade, and a new species is introduced to accommodate this taxon.

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence of CPC 32109 had highest similarity to Discosia cf. pleurochaeta (GenBank AB594777.1; Identities = 546/546 (100 %), no gaps), Discosia italica (GenBank KM678041.1; Identities = 552/556 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)) and Discosia pseudoartocreas (GenBank NR_132068.1; Identities = 550/556 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)). The ITS sequences of CPC 32109 and 32113 are identical (556/556). Closest hits using the LSU sequence of CPC 32109 are Adisciso yakushimense (GenBank AB593721.1; Identities = 802/803 (99 %), no gaps), Discosia fagi (GenBank KM678048.1; Identities = 871/873 (99 %), no gaps) and Adisciso tricellulare (GenBank NG_042334.1; Identities = 800/803 (99 %), no gaps). The LSU sequences of CPC 32109 and 32113 are identical (873/873). Closest hits using the tef1 sequence of CPC 32109 had highest similarity to Discosia brasiliensis (GenBank KF827465.1; Identities = 363/399 (91 %), 12 gaps (3 %)), Pestalotiopsis diversiseta (GenBank JX399073.1; Identities = 224/249 (90 %), 12 gaps (4 %)) and Pestalotiopsis yanglingensis (GenBank KX895197.1; Identities = 221/246 (90 %), 6 gaps (2 %)). The tef1 sequences of CPC 32109 and 32113 are identical (529/529). Closest hits using the tub2 sequence of CPC 32109 had highest similarity to Discosia brasiliensis (GenBank KF827469.1; Identities = 805/832 (97 %), no gaps), Pestalotiopsis microspora (GenBank AF115396.1; Identities = 782/826 (95 %), no gaps) and Pestalotiopsis paeoniicola (GenBank KY930635.1; Identities = 781/826 (95 %), no gaps). The tub2 sequences of CPC 32109 and 32113 are identical (874/874).

Colour illustrations. Macrozamia miquelii at Australian Botanical Garden Mount Annan; conidiomata sporulating on PNA (scale bar = 250 μm), conidiogenous cells and conidia (scale bars = 10 μm).

Discosia macrozamiae.

Discosia macrozamiae

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:380–381.

Fungal Planet 780 – 13 July 2018

Didymocyrtis brachylaenae Crous, sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2

Etymology. Name refers to Brachylaena, the host genus from which this fungus was collected.

Classification — Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.

Conidiomata pycnidial, globose, brown, 200–350 μm diam, with central ostiole; wall of 3–6 layers of medium brown textura angularis. Conidiophores mostly reduced to conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity, ampulliform to doliiform, 5–7 × 2.5–3.5 μm, proliferating percurrently at apex; a few conidiophores observed that are subcylindrical, branched, 1–2-septate, with terminal and intercalary conidiogenous cells. Conidia fusoid-ellipsoid to subcylindrical, widest in middle, 1(–3)-septate, apex subobtuse, base truncate, medium brown, smooth, granular, (8–)9–10(–13) × (2–)3 μm. Spermatia observed in same conidiomata as conidia, hyaline, smooth, aseptate, ellipsoid, 3–4.5 × 2 μm.

Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium, covering dish after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface pale luteous, reverse umber. On PDA surface and reverse umber. On OA surface umber with patches of pale luteous.

Typus. South Africa, Eastern Cape Province, Haga Haga, on leaves of Brachylaena discolor (Asteraceae), 24 Dec. 2010, M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS H-23565, culture ex-type CPC 32651 = CBS 144438, ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tub2 sequences GenBank MH327821.1, MH327857.1, MH327873.1 and MH327896.1, MycoBank MB825436).

Notes — The genus Diederichomyces was established by Trakunyingcharoen et al. (2014) for several phoma-like lichenicolous species. Diederichomyces was, however, reduced to synonymy under Didymocyrtis by Ertz et al. (2015), which is an older name, and has priority. Although phylogenetically related to D. cladoniicola, D. brachylaenae is distinct in having conidia that are 1(–3)-septate. Furthermore, although they were neither described nor illustrated, original isolations of D. brachylaenae were from a phaeosphaeria-like sexual morph, which is also consistent with its phylogenetic position in the Phaeosphaeriaceae.

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Phaeosphaeria poagena (GenBank KJ869114.1; Identities = 461/476 (97 %), 3 gaps (0 %)), Phaeosphaeria podocarpi (GenBank NR_137933.1; Identities = 454/476 (95 %), 2 gaps (0 %)) and Parastagonospora nodorum (GenBank KM056326.1; Identities = 453/476 (95 %), 11 gaps (2 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Didymocyrtis cladoniicola (GenBank LN907456.1; Identities = 865/868 (99 %), no gaps), Neosulcatispora agaves (GenBank KT950867.1; Identities = 860/866 (99 %), no gaps) and Phaeosphaeriopsis musae (GenBank DQ885894.1; Identities = 864/872 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the rpb2 sequence had highest similarity to Phaeosphaeria chiangraina (GenBank KM434307.1; Identities = 511/597 (86 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), Phaeosphaeria oryzae (GenBank KM434306.1; Identities = 511/597 (86 %), 2 gaps (0 %)) and Phaeosphaeria musae (GenBank KM434304.1; Identities = 511/597 (86 %), 2 gaps (0 %)). Closest hits using the tub2 sequence had highest similarity to Stagonospora avenaria f. sp. avenaria (GenBank AY870402.1; Identities = 902/968 (93 %), 12 gaps (1 %)), Stagonospora avenae f. sp. triticea (GenBank AY786330.1; Identities = 898/964 (93 %), 4 gaps (0 %)) and Parastagonospora nodorum (GenBank CP022806.1; Identities = 898/964 (93 %), 4 gaps (0 %)).

Colour illustrations. Brachylaena discolor at Haga Haga; symptomatic leaf, conidiogenous cells and conidia, spermatia, and 1-septate conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Didymocyrtis brachylaenae.

Didymocyrtis brachylaenae

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:382–383.

Fungal Planet 781 – 13 July 2018

Elsinoë leucopogonis Crous, sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2, Treena I Burgess 3, Giles EStJ Hardy 3

Etymology. Name refers to Leucopogon, the host genus from which this fungus was collected.

Classification — Elsinoaceae, Myriangiales, Dothideomycetes.

Leaf spots amphigenous, but chiefly epiphyllous, ellipsoid, solitary, grey-brown, 1–3 μm diam, surrounded by a red-brown border. Conidiomata acervular, brown, 70–150 μm diam, coalescing with maturity, composed of textura angularis. Conidiophores subcylindrical, brown, smooth, 1–2-septate, 15–25 × 3–4 μm. Conidiogenous cells polyphialidic, with 1–2 integrated loci, pale brown, smooth, subcylindrical, 5–15 × 3–4 μm. Conidia hyaline, smooth, aseptate, guttulate, ellipsoid to subcylindrical, with obtuse apex and truncate hilum, 1 μm diam, (5–)6(–6.5) × (2–)2.5 μm in vitro.

Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, with sparse aerial mycelium, surface folded, with even, lobed margin, reaching 7 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA and PDA surface saffron, reverse ochreous. On OA surface peach with diffuse scarlet pigment.

Typus. Australia, New South Wales, Barron Ground Nature Reserve, on leaves of Leucopogon sp. (Epicridaceae), 26 Nov. 2016, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23564, culture ex-type CPC 32097 = CBS 144439, ITS, LSU, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 sequences GenBank MH327822.1, MH327858.1, MH327874.1, MH327885.1 and MH327897.1, MycoBank MB825437).

Notes — A phylogenetic analysis of the genus Elsinoë was recently published by Fan et al. (2017), showing that most species are highly host specific. None of the species of Elsinoë are presently known from Leucopogon, and E. leucopogonis is also phylogenetically distinct from the taxa presently known based on their DNA sequence data (see Fungal Planet 782).

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Elsinoë hederae (GenBank NR_148146.1; Identities = 502/522 (96 %), 13 gaps (2 %)), Elsinoë proteae (GenBank NR_132796.1; Identities = 546/591 (92 %), 22 gaps (3 %)) and Elsinoë theae (GenBank NR_148174.1; Identities = 496/520 (95 %), 13 gaps (2 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Elsinoë lepagei (GenBank KX887004.1; Identities = 731/736 (99 %), no gaps), Elsinoë hederae (GenBank KX886994.1; Identities = 730/736 (99 %), no gaps) and Elsinoë tectificae (GenBank KX887055.1; Identities = 729/736 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the rpb2 sequence had highest similarity to Elsinoë hederae (GenBank KX887113.1; Identities = 640/744 (86 %), no gaps), Elsinoë theae (GenBank KX887175.1; Identities = 618/741 (83 %), 2 gaps (0 %)) and Elsinoë eelemani (GenBank KX398204.1; Identities = 648/812 (80 %), 10 gaps (1 %)). No significant hits were obtained when the tef1 sequence was used in BLASTn and megablast searches, while the tub2 sequence resulted in Cyphellophora reptans (GenBank KC455233.1; Identities = 261/332 (79 %), 22 gaps (6 %)) as best hit.

Colour illustrations. Forest trees close to collection site; leaf spot on Leucopogon sp., conidioma in vivo (scale bar = 150 μm), colony on MEA, conidiogenous cells and conidia (scale bars = 10 μm).

Elsinoë leucopogonis.

Elsinoë leucopogonis

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:384–385.

Fungal Planet 782 – 13 July 2018

Elsinoë banksiigena Crous, sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1, Michael J Wingfield 2, Treena I Burgess 3, Giles EStJ Hardy 3

Etymology. Name refers to Banksia, the host genus from which this fungus was collected.

Classification — Elsinoaceae, Myriangiales, Dothideomycetes.

Leaf spots epiphyllous, subcircular to irregular, medium brown, somewhat raised, 1–5 μm diam, surrounded by a diffuse chlorotic border. Conidiomata acervular, brown, 30–50 μm diam, prominently breaking through epidermis on leaf surface. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth, ampulliform to doliiform, 3–5 × 3–4 μm. Conidia hyaline, smooth, aseptate, guttulate, subcylindrical with obtuse ends, 2–4 × 1.5–2 μm in vitro and in vivo.

Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, with sparse aerial mycelium, surface folded, with even, lobed margin, reaching 5 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA and PDA surface saffron, reverse ochreous. On OA surface saffron.

Typus. Australia, New South Wales, Seven Mile Beach, on leaves of Banksia marginata (Proteaceae), 26 Nov. 2016, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23563, culture ex-type CPC 32402 = CBS 144440, ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tef1 sequences GenBank MH327823.1, MH327859.1, MH327875.1 and MH327886.1, MycoBank MB825438).

Notes — Two species of Elsinoë are known from Banksia, namely E. banksiae (on B. serrata) and E. banksiicola (on B. prionotes). A key to the species occurring on Proteaceae was provided by Fan et al. (2017). Phylogenetically, E. banksiigena is distinct from all taxa known from Proteaceae, being allied to E. eliocarpiae (see ITS phylogeny). Although it has been assumed that there was one dominant species of Elsinoë infecting various species of Banksia, the present study suggests that many more distinct Elsinoë spp. could await description.

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Elsinoë eucalyptigena (GenBank NR_155099.1; Identities = 503/591 (85 %), 29 gaps (4 %)), Elsinoë fawcettii (GenBank FJ010362.1; Identities = 441/527 (84 %), 30 gaps (5 %)) and Sphaceloma bidentis (GenBank KF421115.1; Identities = 516/615 (84 %), 43 gaps (6 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Elsinoë quercus-ilicis (GenBank KX887040.1; Identities = 720/740 (97 %), 4 gaps (0 %)), Elsinoë eucalyptorum (GenBank DQ923530.1; Identities = 859/885 (97 %), 4 gaps (0 %)) and Sphaceloma erythrinae (GenBank JN940392.1; Identities = 833/861 (97 %), 3 gaps (0 %)). Closest hits using the rpb2 sequence had highest similarity to Zalaria obscura (GenBank KX579108.1; Identities = 492/661 (74 %), 5 gaps (0 %)), Sarcinomyces crustaceus (GenBank GU250948.1; Identities = 489/664 (74 %), 3 gaps (0 %)) and Elsinoë pitangae (GenBank KX887150.1; Identities = 541/746 (73 %), 11 gaps (1 %)). No significant hits were obtained when the tef1 sequence was used in BLASTn and megablast searches.

graphic file with name per-40-240-i024.jpg

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The first of two equally most parsimonious trees obtained from the ITS alignment using PAUP v. 4.0b10 (Swofford 2003; 15 sequences including the ingroup, 522 included characters of which 141 were parsimony-informative). The tree was rooted with Anhellia nectandrae (GenBank NR_111700.1). Novel Elsinoë species described here are indicated in bold italic text and their corresponding Fungal Planet numbers are indicated. The scale bar represents the number of changes and parsimony bootstrap support values > 50 % from 1 000 replicates are indicated at the nodes (thickened lines are present in the strict consensus tree).

Colour illustrations. Banksia marginata at Seven Mile Beach; leaf spots, colony on MEA, conidioma (in vivo) (scale bar = 50 μm), conidiogenous cells and conidia (scale bars = 10 μm).

Elsinoë banksiigena.

Elsinoë banksiigena

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:386–387.

Fungal Planet 783 – 13 July 2018

Ochroconis musicola Crous, sp. nov.

Pedro W Crous 1, Johannes Z Groenewald 1

Etymology. Name refers to Musa, the host genus from which this fungus was collected.

Classification — Sympoventuriaceae, Venturiales, Dothideomycetes.

On OA. Ascomata occurring in clusters, globose, 50–100 μm diam, brown, surface smooth, lacking appendages; wall of 4–8 layers of brown textura angularis. Asci bitunicate, obovoid, 8-spored, with well-defined apical chamber, 2–3 μm diam, 25–40 × 15–18 μm. Ascospores fusoid-ellipsoid, guttulate, initially hyaline, but becoming pale brown with age, straight to slightly curved, initially medianly septate, prominently constricted at septum, later developing a septum in each of the two cells, widest just above median septum, encased in a mucoid sheath, up to 3.5 μm diam, (15–)19–22(–26) × (4–)5(–6) μm. Isolates only formed the sexual morph in culture.

Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium on OA and PDA (abundant on MEA), and even, smooth margin, reaching 30 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA and PDA surface isabelline, reverse brown vinaceous. On OA surface brown vinaceous.

Typus. Malaysia, on leaves of Musa sp. (Musaceae), 2010, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23562, culture ex-type CPC 32927 = CBS 144441, ITS, LSU, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 sequences GenBank MH327824.1, MH327860.1, MH327876.1, MH327887.1 and MH327898.1, MycoBank MB825439).

Notes — The genus Ochroconis was recently revised by Samerpitak et al. (2013), who also linked the first sexual morph to the genus, namely O. sexualis. Morphologically, O. musicola is quite distinct from O. sexualis, as the latter species has ascomata with appendages, and smaller ascospores (8–10 × 2.5–3.5 μm) that lack a mucoid sheath. Ochroconis musicola is also phylogenetically distinct and related to O. constricta.

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Ochroconis constricta (GenBank KX610329.1; Identities = 429/514 (83 %), 39 gaps (7 %)), Scolecobasidium dendroides (GenBank FJ914704.1; Identities = 425/512 (83 %), 36 gaps (7 %)) and Ochroconis dracaenae (GenBank NR_145404.1; Identities = 422/512 (82 %), 33 gaps (6 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Ochroconis podocarpi (GenBank MG386085.1; Identities = 786/835 (94 %), 6 gaps (0 %)), Ochroconis macrozamiae (GenBank KJ869180.1; Identities = 814/866 (94 %), 13 gaps (1 %)) and Ochroconis musae (GenBank KT272083.1; Identities = 817/872 (94 %), 8 gaps (0 %)). Closest hits using the rpb2 sequence had highest similarity to Ochroconis lascauxensis (GenBank HE575203.1; Identities = 752/899 (84 %), no gaps), Scolecobasidium terreum (GenBank FR832487.1; Identities = 737/887 (83 %), 1 gap (0 %)) and Mycosisymbrium cirrhosum (GenBank KR349124.1; Identities = 732/908 (81 %), 2 gaps (0 %)). No significant hits were obtained when the tef1 and tub2 sequences were used in BLASTn and megablast searches.

Colour illustrations. Symptomatic leaves of Musa sp. in Malaysia; ascomata sporulating on OA (scale bars = 100 μm), asci and ascospores with sheaths (scale bars = 10 μm).

Ochroconis musicola.

Ochroconis musicola

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Persoonia. 2017 Dec 20;40:388–389.

Fungal Planet 784 – 13 July 2018

Didymella cari Armstrong-Cho, Banniza & Crous, sp. nov.

Cheryl Armstrong-Cho 1, Sabine Banniza 1, Pedro W Crous 2, Johannes Z Groenewald 2

Etymology. Name refers to Carum, one of the host genera from which this fungus was collected.

Classification — Didymellaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.

On PDA. Conidiomata separate, globose, brown, pycnidial, 200–350 μm diam, with central ostiole; wall of 3–6 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform to globose, holoblastic, (9–)12–16 × (9–)12–13 μm. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, subcylindrical, straight to curved, apex obtuse, base truncate, 2.5–4 μm diam, (0–)1(–2)-septate, (1-septate conidia with septum above median), (8–)21–26(–31) × (4–)6(–7) μm.

Culture characteristics — Colonies covering dish in 2 wk with fluffy to moderate aerial mycelium. On MEA surface sienna, reverse fulvous. On PDA surface pale olivaceous grey to olivaceous grey, reverse iron-grey. On OA surface pale luteous to buff.

Typus. Canada, Saskatchewan, Choiceland, on living flower of Carum carvi (Apiaceae), 2015, C. Armstrong-Cho (holotype CBS H-23594, cultures ex-types CPC 33112 = CBS 144497 = A27, ITS, LSU, actA and tub2 sequences GenBank MH327825.1, MH327861.1, MH327865.1 and MH327899.1, MycoBank MB825440).

Additional material examined. Canada, Saskatchewan, Choiceland, on living flower of Coriandrum sativum (Apiaceae), 2015, C. Armstrong-Cho, CPC 33113 = CBS 144498 = A74, ITS, LSU, actA and tub2 sequences GenBank MH327826.1, MH327862.1, MH327866.1 and MH327900.1; Lemberg, on living flower of Carum carvi, 2015, C. Armstrong-Cho, CPC 33114 = CBS 144499 = A122F, ITS, LSU and tub2 sequences GenBank MH327827.1, MH327863.1 and MH327901.1; Lorlie, on living stem of Carum carvi, 2016, C. Armstrong-Cho, CPC 33115 = CBS 144500 = A355, ITS sequence GenBank MH327828.1.

Notes — Didymella cari was isolated from blossom blight symptoms on coriander and caraway in Western Canada. Pathogenicity trials on coriander and caraway flowers showed that the isolates were pathogenic on both substrates. Phoma-like species reported from these hosts in the past include Subplenodomus apiicola from Brazil, Phoma exigua var. exigua from Poland and Phoma multirostrata from Australia (Mendes et al. 1998, Machowicz-Stefaniak et al. 2008, Golzar et al. 2015), which are clearly distinct based on their morphology (Boerema et al. 2004). Another taxon to consider is Ascochyta carvi (on leaves, stems and seeds of Carum carvi occurring in the former Czechoslovakia), although conidia of the latter species are significantly smaller, 0–1(–2)-septate, (6–)8–12(–14) × 2.5–4.5 μm (Ondrej 1983).

Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence of CPC 33112 had highest similarity to Didymella macrostoma (GenBank KY367515.2; Identities = 478/485 (99 %), no gaps) and D. glomerata (GenBank KT223334.1; Identities = 478/485 (99 %), no gaps), from which D. cari can easily be distinguished based on its conidial dimensions (Chen et al. 2015, 2017). The ITS sequences of CPC 33112–33115 were identical, but that of CPC 33114 differed with one nucleotide from the rest. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence of CPC 33112 had highest similarity to D. macrostoma (GenBank GU238096.1; Identities = 1 226/1 230 (99 %), 2 gaps (0 %)) and D. tanaceti (GenBank KT287040.1; Identities = 1 225/1 230 (99 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), D. rosea (GenBank KT287017.1; Identities = 1 225/1 230 (99 %), 2 gaps (0 %)). Except for two nucleotide changes, the LSU sequences of CPC 33112–33114 were identical. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the actA sequence of CPC 33112 had highest similarity to D. macrostoma (GenBank KT309303.2; Identities = 210/238 (88 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), D. tanaceti (GenBank KT286999.1; Identities = 206/237 (87 %), no gaps) and D. pedeiae (GenBank KT309272.2; Identities = 206/237 (87 %), no gaps). The actA sequences of CPC 33112 and CPC 33113 were identical. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the tub2 sequence of CPC 33112 had highest similarity to D. negriana (GenBank KY632664.1; Identities = 279/300 (93 %), no gaps), Stagonosporopsis heliopsidis (GenBank KX928776.1; Identities = 277/298 (93 %), no gaps) and Phoma adonidicola (GenBank JQ934842.1; Identities = 275/296 (93 %), no gaps). The tub2 sequences of CPC 33112–33114 were identical.

Colour illustrations. Coriander blossom blight; sporulation on caraway blossom (scale bar = 1 mm), conidia, and conidiogenous cells (right) (scale bars = 10 μm).

Didymella cari.

Didymella cari

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Articles from Persoonia : Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi are provided here courtesy of Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures

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