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. 1987 May;77(5):623–625. doi: 10.2105/ajph.77.5.623

Maternal cigarette smoking and oral clefts: a population-based study.

M J Khoury, A Weinstein, S Panny, N A Holtzman, P K Lindsay, K Farrel, M Eisenberg
PMCID: PMC1647050  PMID: 3565662

Abstract

Analyses of 1984 data from the Maryland Birth Defects Reporting and Information System indicate that mothers of infants with oral clefts (cleft lip with or without cleft palate; and cleft palate) smoked more during pregnancy than mothers of infants with other defects (odds ratio OR of 2.56 and 2.39, respectively). There was a dose-response relation between the daily amount smoked and the risk of clefting. Adjustment for available confounding variables did not account for the association between smoking and oral clefts.

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Selected References

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