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. 2022 Sep 2;65(12):2354–2454. doi: 10.1007/s11427-022-2161-3

The landscape of aging

Yusheng Cai 1,2,3,#, Wei Song 4,#, Jiaming Li 5,6,#, Ying Jing 6,7,#, Chuqian Liang 1,2,3,#, Liyuan Zhang 5,#, Xia Zhang 8,#, Wenhui Zhang 6,9,#, Beibei Liu 5,#, Yongpan An 10,#, Jingyi Li 1,2,3,#, Baixue Tang 11,#, Siyu Pei 8,#, Xueying Wu 12,#, Yuxuan Liu 13,#, Cheng-Le Zhuang 14,#, Yilin Ying 15,16,#, Xuefeng Dou 8,#, Yu Chen 17,#, Fu-Hui Xiao 18,19,#, Dingfeng Li 20,#, Ruici Yang 21,#, Ya Zhao 22,#, Yang Wang 23,#, Lihui Wang 24,#, Yujing Li 1,2,3,#, Shuai Ma 1,2,3,✉, Si Wang 25,26,27,✉, Xiaoyuan Song 28,✉, Jie Ren 2,5,6,✉, Liang Zhang 2,8,✉, Jun Wang 6,9,✉, Weiqi Zhang 2,5,6,26,✉, Zhengwei Xie 10,✉, Jing Qu 2,3,7,✉, Jianwei Wang 11,✉, Yichuan Xiao 8,✉, Ye Tian 6,12,✉, Gelin Wang 13,✉, Ping Hu 2,14,29,✉, Jing Ye 15,16,✉, Yu Sun 8,30,✉, Zhiyong Mao 17,✉, Qing-Peng Kong 18,19,✉, Qiang Liu 19,20,✉, Weiguo Zou 21,✉, Xiao-Li Tian 22,✉, Zhi-Xiong Xiao 23,✉, Yong Liu 4,✉, Jun-Ping Liu 24,31,32,✉, Moshi Song 1,2,3,6,✉, Jing-Dong J Han 33,✉, Guang-Hui Liu 1,2,3,6,25,26,✉
PMCID: PMC9446657  PMID: 36066811

Abstract

Aging is characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological integrity, leading to impaired functional ability and ultimately increased susceptibility to death. It is a major risk factor for chronic human diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurological degeneration, and cancer. Therefore, the growing emphasis on “healthy aging” raises a series of important questions in life and social sciences. In recent years, there has been unprecedented progress in aging research, particularly the discovery that the rate of aging is at least partly controlled by evolutionarily conserved genetic pathways and biological processes. In an attempt to bring full-fledged understanding to both the aging process and age-associated diseases, we review the descriptive, conceptual, and interventive aspects of the landscape of aging composed of a number of layers at the cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal levels.

Keywords: aging, mechanism, intervention

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31871380, 32000500, 32070730, 32170756, 32170804, 81330008, 81671377, 81725010, 81725010, 81872874, 81921006, 81922027, 81971312, 81991512, 82030041, 82103167, 82122024, 82125009, 82125011, 82130044, 91749126, 91949101, 91949207, 92049302), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0506400, 2018YFA0800200, 2018YFA0800700, 2018YFA0900200, 2018YFC2000100, 2018YFC2000400, 2018YFE-0203700, 20192ACB70002, 2019YFA0802202, 2020YFA0113400, 2020YFA0803401, 2020YFA0804000, 2020YFC2002800, 2020YFC-2002900, 2021ZD0202401), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA16010100, XDA16010603, XDA16020400, XDB29020000, XDB39000000, XDB39000000, XDB39030300), the China Association for Science and Technology (2021QNRC001), the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission (Z200022), the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (21JC1406400), the Key Programs of the Jiangxi Province, China (20192ACB70002), the “Shu Guang” Project supported by the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and Shanghai Education Development Foundation (19SG18), the Shanghai Sailing Program (22YF1434300), the Research Project of Joint Laboratory of University of Science and Technology of China and Anhui Mental Health Center (2019LH03), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK2070210004), the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology (YESS20210002), and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (2022083). We apologize for omission of relevant works due to space constraints. We thank all the members of the Chinese Society for Aging Cell Research, Chinese Society for Cell Biology for their helpful suggestions on the manuscript. We thank Qiaoran Wang for drawing the Figure 1. We are also grateful to Shanshan Che and Jinghao Hu for their assistant in reviewing the manuscript.

Footnotes

Compliance and ethics

The author(s) declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Contributed equally to this work

Contributor Information

Shuai Ma, Email: mashuai@ioz.ac.cn.

Si Wang, Email: wangsi@xwh.ccmu.edu.cn.

Xiaoyuan Song, Email: songxy5@ustc.edu.cn.

Jie Ren, Email: renjie@big.ac.cn.

Liang Zhang, Email: zhangliang01@sibs.ac.cn.

Jun Wang, Email: junwang@im.ac.cn.

Weiqi Zhang, Email: zhangwq@big.ac.cn.

Zhengwei Xie, Email: xiezhengwei@hsc.pku.edu.cn.

Jing Qu, Email: qujing@ioz.ac.cn.

Jianwei Wang, Email: jianweiwang@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn.

Yichuan Xiao, Email: ycxiao@sibs.ac.cn.

Ye Tian, Email: ytian@genetics.ac.cn.

Gelin Wang, Email: gelinwang@tsinghua.edu.cn.

Ping Hu, Email: hup@sibcb.ac.cn.

Jing Ye, Email: yj11254@rjh.com.cn.

Yu Sun, Email: sunyu@sibs.ac.cn.

Zhiyong Mao, Email: zhiyong_mao@tongji.edu.cn.

Qing-Peng Kong, Email: kongqp@mail.kiz.ac.cn.

Qiang Liu, Email: liuq2012@ustc.edu.cn.

Weiguo Zou, Email: zouwg94@sibcb.ac.cn.

Xiao-Li Tian, Email: tianxiaoli@ncu.edu.cn.

Zhi-Xiong Xiao, Email: jimzx@scu.edu.cn.

Yong Liu, Email: liuyong31279@whu.edu.cn.

Jun-Ping Liu, Email: jun-ping.liu@monash.edu.

Moshi Song, Email: songmoshi@ioz.ac.cn.

Jing-Dong J. Han, Email: jackie.han@pku.edu.cn

Guang-Hui Liu, Email: ghliu@ioz.ac.cn.

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